Origin
Lycium australe, commonly known as boxthorn or Australian boxthorn, is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae. It is native to Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands.
Common Names
The common names of Lycium australe include boxthorn, Australian boxthorn, New Zealand boxthorn, and matagouri.
Uses
The plant has been used traditionally by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, including treating coughs, colds, and fevers, and as an antiseptic for wounds. Its roots were also used to make a tea for treating stomach problems.
Today, Lycium australe is primarily used for ornamental purposes, as it can be grown as a hedge or as a hardy, drought-resistant shrub in gardens and landscapes.
General Appearance
Lycium australe is a densely branched shrub that can grow up to 5 meters tall. Its leaves are small and light green in color, and its flowers are small, pale pink or mauve, and bloom in the summer. Its fruit is a small, red or orange berry that is edible but not commonly eaten by humans. The plant is characterized by its sharp thorns and tough, spiny branches, which allow it to thrive in harsh environments that other plants cannot.
Light Requirements
Lycium australe thrives in full sun. It requires plenty of light to grow and produce flowers and fruits. The plant needs at least six hours of direct sunlight every day to maintain good health.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is native to the subtropical regions of Eastern Australia, where it can tolerate both hot and cold temperatures. It can thrive in temperatures ranging from 5°C to 40°C but prefers temperatures between 15°C to 30°C. Temperatures below 0°C can cause damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained, sandy soils that are slightly acidic with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. It can also grow in soils with high salt concentrations and tolerates coastal conditions. The plant can grow in nutrient-poor soils, but it prefers soils enriched with organic matter to promote healthy growth and development.
Cultivation Methods for Lycium australe
Lycium australe, commonly known as Australian boxthorn or drooping boxthorn, is a spiny evergreen shrub that can grow up to 2 metres high. The plant can be grown in full sun or partial shade, in well-draining soil. The ideal soil pH for Lycium australe is slightly acidic to neutral. The plant can tolerate drought conditions and sandy soils but prefers loamy or clay soils.
Lycium australe is propagated by seeds or semi-hardwood cuttings, which need to be taken from semi-mature wood in late summer.
Watering Needs for Lycium australe
Although Lycium australe is drought-tolerant, it requires regular watering during its establishment period. Once established, the plant can survive on natural rainfall. However, in dry periods, the plant may require additional irrigation to survive. It is essential to water the plant deeply once a week rather than shallow watering frequently.
Fertilization of Lycium australe
Lycium australe can benefit from regular fertilization to maintain its growth and overall health. The shrub can be fed with a slow-release granular fertilizer once a year, in early spring. It is also recommended to apply a layer of organic compost or manure around the base of the plant to improve the soil structure and promote nutrient absorption.
Pruning Lycium australe
Lycium australe is a relatively low-maintenance plant, and pruning is not always necessary. However, if the plant is outgrowing its space or needs to be shaped, pruning can be done in early spring or late summer. When pruning, it is essential to wear gloves as the plant has sharp spines. Only prune up to one-third of the plant's growth. Dead or diseased branches should be removed immediately.
Propagation of Lycium australe
Lycium australe, also known as Australian boxthorn, is a native Australian plant commonly used in landscaping due to its hardiness and attractive berries. Here are the most common propagation methods for this plant:
1. Seed propagation
Lycium australe can easily be propagated from seeds. The seeds can be collected from ripe berries and stored in a cool, dry place until planting time. To plant, simply sow the seeds in a well-draining potting mix, ensuring the soil is kept moist. Germination usually occurs within 2 to 3 weeks, and the seedlings can be transplanted once they have developed strong roots.
2. Stem cuttings
Stem cuttings are another effective method of propagating Lycium australe. Cuttings can be taken in the spring or summer from new growth that is still green and flexible. Remove all but the top two leaves from the cutting and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Place the cutting in a pot filled with well-draining soil, and keep it moist and in a bright location. Within a few weeks, the cutting should develop roots and begin to grow.
3. Layering
Layering is a propagation method that involves bending a branch of the plant and burying a section of it in the soil. The section of the branch that is buried will develop roots, and once those roots are established, the branch can be cut off from the parent plant and transplanted. Lycium australe can be propagated successfully using layering, but it is a slower process than seed or cutting propagation.
Disease and Pest Management for Lycium australe
Lycium australe is a hardy and versatile plant that can easily adapt to various soil conditions and environmental factors. However, it is still susceptible to some pests and diseases that can affect its growth and yield. Proper management and preventive measures are crucial to maintaining the health and vigor of the plant.
Common Diseases that Affect Lycium australe
One of the most common diseases that affect Lycium australe is leaf spot. This disease is caused by fungal pathogens and characterized by circular brown spots on the leaves. The affected leaves eventually turn yellow and wilt, leading to stunted growth and reduced yield. To manage this disease, it is essential to remove and destroy the infected leaves, improve air circulation, and avoid overhead watering. Fungicides such as copper-based chemicals can also be used to protect the plant from further damage.
Another disease that can affect Lycium australe is powdery mildew, which is caused by fungal pathogens that grow on the surface of the leaves. This disease is characterized by white or gray powdery patches on the leaves and stems, which can cause leaf distortion and reduced photosynthesis. To manage this disease, it is essential to remove and destroy the infected leaves, improve air circulation, and reduce humidity levels. Fungicides such as sulfur-based chemicals can also be used to control the spread of the disease.
Common Pests that Affect Lycium australe
Lycium australe can also be susceptible to various pests that can damage the leaves, fruits, and stems of the plant. One of the most common pests is the spider mite, which feeds on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing, wilting, and stunted growth. To manage spider mites, it is essential to prune the affected parts of the plant, apply insecticidal soap or neem oil, and improve humidity levels to deter their growth.
The plant can also be affected by aphids, which feed on the sap of the plant and attract other pests such as ants. Aphids can cause leaf distortion, yellowing, and growth deformation, leading to reduced yield and poor quality fruits. To manage aphids, it is essential to prune the affected parts of the plant, apply insecticidal soap or neem oil, and encourage natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings to control their population.
In conclusion, managing pests and diseases in Lycium australe is crucial to ensuring its health and productivity. Proper cultural practices such as pruning, good irrigation, and fertilization can also help to boost the plant's resistance to pests and diseases. It is also essential to monitor the plant regularly for any signs of damage or infestations and take immediate action to prevent further spread.
