Origin
Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm., commonly known as Umatilla lupine, is a native plant to North America. Specifically, it is found in the western United States, originating in the states of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.
Common Names
Aside from its scientific name, Umatilla lupine has several other common names such as Umatilla silky lupine, silky lupine, and even woollypod lupine. The latter name is derived from the plant's woolly, hairy seed pods.
Uses
The Umatilla lupine has fantastic value as a forage crop for animals, wildlife habitat restoration, and erosion control. Farmers graze their livestock on Umatilla lupine fields, and the plant is also a great source of protein for wild animals like deer, elk, and rabbits.
Addition to using it as a forage crop, the plant can also improve soil conditions due to the nitrogen-fixing abilities of its roots. Nitrogen is a crucial nutrient in soil health, as it is a vital component of chlorophyll - a pigment necessary for photosynthesis in plants. The roots' ability to fix nitrogen in the soil benefits other plants growing in the vicinity.
General Appearance
Umatilla lupine grows to be about two feet tall and has a unique set of bright green, palmate leaves that grow in a circular pattern. Its flowers bloom in the late spring to early summer and have beautiful blue and purple hues. The plant is unique because of the extra layer of silky hair that covers its leaves and stems, providing it with extra protection and a silvery appearance. Its hairy seed pods are a distinguishing feature that helps to readily identify its species.
The Umatilla lupine is a unique and valuable plant in the North American ecosystem, and its multiple uses make it a highly sought-after crop. Its unique appearance also makes it a beautiful addition to landscaping and gardens.
Light Requirements
As a plant that originated in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm. prefers full sun exposure. It can also tolerate partial shade, but this may lead to reduced flowering.
Temperature Requirements
The typical growing season for Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm. runs from late spring to early fall. It can withstand cold temperatures, as it is adapted to the high elevations of its native habitat. During the growing season, it prefers temperatures between 60 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
Soil Requirements
Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm. thrives in well-drained soils with a pH between 5.5 and 8.0. It prefers soils that are slightly acidic to neutral. An ideal soil composition for this plant includes a mixture of sand, silt, and clay. It can tolerate moderate drought conditions, but it prefers moderate moisture levels in the soil.
Cultivation Methods
Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm. is a hardy annual wildflower that thrives in a Mediterranean climate. It prefers a well-drained soil that is slightly alkaline and full sun exposure. The plant can withstand temperatures as low as 25 degrees Fahrenheit.
The seeds of Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm. should be sown in the late fall or early winter so that they can germinate during the cooler months. The plant prefers to be grown from directly sown seeds as opposed to transplanting due to its long taproot.
Watering Needs
Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm. should be watered regularly but not excessively. The plant prefers to be grown in soil that is slightly dry as opposed to wet. The watering frequency will depend on the rainfall and temperature of the area. In high temperatures, the plant may require additional watering to prevent dehydration.
Fertilization
Fertilization is not necessary for the growth of Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm. as it is adapted to thrive in poor soil conditions. However, if the soil is particularly nutrient deficient, a light application of organic fertilizer can be incorporated into the site preparation prior to planting.
Pruning
Pruning is not typically required for Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm. However, if the plant becomes too tall or leggy, it can be pinched back to promote bushier growth. It is best to do this in the early stages of growth. Deadheading spent blooms can also stimulate additional flowering later in the season.
Propagation of Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm.
Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm. is typically propagated through both seed and vegetative methods.
Seed propagation
The seeds of Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm. can be sown directly into the garden or started indoors before transplanting. Before sowing, it is recommended to scarify the seeds to promote germination. One way to do this is by gently rubbing the seeds with fine-grit sandpaper or nicking them with a knife. Plant the seeds in well-drained soil in an area with full sun exposure. Cover the seeds lightly with soil, and keep them moist until germination occurs. Germination can take up to two to four weeks. Once the seeds have germinated, seedlings can be thinned to ensure proper spacing.
Vegetative propagation
Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm. can also be propagated through vegetative methods, such as stem cuttings and division.
Stem cuttings can be taken from healthy, vigorous plants during the summer months when the plant is actively growing. Using a clean, sharp knife, take a 3 to 4-inch cutting from the tip of the stem, making sure to remove any flowers or buds. Remove the leaves from the lower half of the cutting, and dip the cut end into rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a well-drained potting mix, and keep it moist until roots have formed. Once the roots have formed, the new plant can be transplanted into a larger container or into the garden.
The division of established Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm. plants is another method of propagation. This is done in the spring when new growth appears. Dig up the plant, and divide it into sections, making sure that each section has a healthy root system. Replant the divisions in well-drained soil, and keep them moist until they become established.
Disease Management for Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm.
Lupinus mucronulatus var. umatillensis is relatively disease-resistant, but some common diseases may occasionally impact the plant’s growth and productivity. Here are some of the diseases to watch out for:
- Root rot: This fungal disease occurs due to over-watering or poor drainage of the soil. Symptoms include stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and root decay. To manage root rot, ensure proper drainage and avoid excessive watering.
- Fusarium wilt: This fungal disease attacks the plant’s vascular system, causing stunted growth, wilted leaves, and death. There is no cure for fusarium wilt, and the best management practice is to remove and discard affected plants and avoid planting lupines in the same area for several years.
- Mildew: This fungal disease appears as a powdery white coating on leaves and stems, causing reduced growth and productivity. To prevent mildew, ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering.
Pest Management for Lupinus mucronulatus T.J. Howell var. umatillensis C.P. Sm.
Lupinus mucronulatus var. umatillensis may encounter pest problems that hinder its growth and productivity. Here are some of the common pests to watch out for:
- Aphids: These tiny insects suck the sap from leaves, causing yellowing and stunted growth. To control aphid infestation, spray plants with a solution of water and dish soap or a commercial insecticide.
- Spider mites: These pests are difficult to detect as they are small and often hide on the undersides of leaves. They suck the sap from leaves, resulting in yellowing and distorted growth. To manage spider mites, spray plants with a forceful jet of water to dislodge them from the leaves or use a commercial insecticide.
- Cutworms: These pests feed on young plants, cutting them off at the base. To protect the plants from cutworms, create a physical barrier around the plants using cardboard collars or plant a crop that cutworms do not prefer in the same area before planting lupines.
