Overview
Lotus americanus (Nutt.) Bisch., non Vell. is a herbaceous plant species that is native to North America. It is commonly known as American lotus, deering lotus, or yanquapin.
Appearance
American lotus has a unique appearance with its large green leaves that are circular to oval-shaped with notched edges. The plant is semi-aquatic and grows in shallow water with its long stems and roots submerged in the water. The flowers are pale yellow to creamy white in color and are supported by long, slender stalks that rise above the surface of the water.
Uses
American lotus has been used for various purposes by Native American tribes for centuries. The roots of the plant were traditionally used as a food source and were consumed either raw or cooked. The seeds were also used as a food source and were ground into flour to make bread. Additionally, various parts of the plant have been used for medicinal purposes, such as treating diarrhea, dysentery, and digestive issues. American lotus is also a popular ornamental plant in water gardens and ponds due to its unique appearance.
Overall, Lotus americanus (Nutt.) Bisch., non Vell. is a fascinating and useful plant species that has been an important part of Native American culture for centuries and remains popular today due to its unique appearance and various uses.Light Requirements
Lotus americanus (Nutt.) Bisch., non Vell. requires full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. In areas with hot summers, some shade during the hottest part of the day may be necessary to prevent heat stress.
Temperature Requirements
This plant grows best in warm temperatures with a minimum of 50°F (10°C) and a maximum of 90°F (32°C). It is generally hardy in USDA zones 8-10. In cooler climates, it can be grown as an annual or in a greenhouse.
Soil Requirements
Lotus americanus (Nutt.) Bisch., non Vell. prefers moist, well-draining soils with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5. It can tolerate a range of soil types including clay, loam, and sandy soils. However, it does not grow well in waterlogged soils. It can also tolerate some salinity in the soil.
Cultivation of Lotus americanus
Lotus americanus, also known as American lotus, thrives in wet environments such as shallow water, swamps, marshes and the edges of ponds and lakes. You can grow it outside in a water garden or container with enough water provided. The plant prefers full sun to partial sun.
Watering Needs
The American lotus requires a vast amount of water. It's best to keep the water level at the optimum level to promote healthy growth. Make sure the plant is always submerged in water. Avoid letting the soil or roots dry out.
Fertilization
Applying a slow-release fertilizer to the soil or water every few weeks during the growing season will help the American lotus thrive. You can find a fertilizer with a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) in the market. Be sure to apply the fertilizer according to the packaging instructions to avoid excessive application.
Pruning
American lotus plants require minimal pruning. However, dead, yellowing, or damaged leaves and flowers should be regularly removed with clean and sharp pruning shears. Removing spent flowers will encourage the development of more flowers and prevent seeds from forming. Pruning should be done in late fall once the growing season is over.
Propagation of Lotus americanus (Nutt.) Bisch., non Vell.
Lotus americanus (Nutt.) Bisch., non Vell. commonly known as American lotus or southern yellow waterlily, can be propagated by several methods, including seed germination, division, and cuttings.
Seed Germination
The seeds of Lotus americanus can be germinated by soaking them in water for 24-48 hours. After soaking, the seeds can be planted in a container filled with soil and kept moist. It is important to keep the soil consistently moist, but not waterlogged, to prevent the seeds from rotting. Seeds will typically germinate within 4-6 weeks.
Division
Another way to propagate Lotus americanus is through division. This method involves separating the rhizomes of an established plant and replanting them in a new location. The best time to divide the plant is in the spring, just as new growth is starting to appear. Care should be taken not to damage the roots or rhizomes during the process.
Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings involves taking a stem cutting from an established plant and rooting it in soil or water. To propagate by cuttings, select a healthy stem and cut a 6-inch section from the tip of the plant. Remove the lower leaves from the cutting and place it in water or soil. If using water, be sure to change it regularly to prevent the growth of bacteria. Cuttings will typically root within 2-3 weeks.
Disease Management
Lotus americanus (Nutt.) Bisch., non Vell. is a relatively disease-resistant plant. However, it can still suffer from some fungal and bacterial infections, including:
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease can cause lesions on the plant's stem, leaves, and flowers. It can be managed by removing infected plant parts and applying a fungicide.
- Powdery mildew: A fungal disease that causes a white powdery coating on the leaves, which can lead to stunted growth. It can be prevented through regular pruning and application of a fungicide.
- Bacterial wilt: This disease causes wilting, yellowing, and eventual death of the plant. There is no effective cure, so the only way to manage it is to remove and destroy infected plants.
Pest Management
Lotus americanus (Nutt.) Bisch., non Vell. can also suffer from pest infestations, including:
- Aphids: These sap-sucking pests can cause distorted growth and yellow leaves. They can be managed by introducing natural predators like ladybugs or using an insecticide.
- Spider mites: These tiny pests feed on the underside of leaves and cause yellowing and spotting. They can be managed by using a miticide.
- Cabbage loopers: These caterpillars can cause large holes in the leaves. They can be managed by handpicking them off the plant or using a biological insecticide like Bacillus thuringiensis (BT).
