Overview
Lotononis subulata B.-E.van Wyk, commonly known as the Needle-bush Lotononis, is a flowering plant species of the Fabaceae family. It is native to Southern Africa and is found in a variety of habitats, from the coast to the mountains, on sandy soils and rocky outcrops.
Appearance
The plant has a subshrub growth habit, typically growing up to 30cm tall. The leaves are small and needle-like, with a sharp point at the tip. The plant produces clusters of small, bright yellow flowers that bloom in summer and autumn.
Uses
Lotononis subulata has several traditional medicinal uses in South Africa, including the treatment of skin infections, respiratory diseases, and as an insect repellent. It is also used in traditional African cooking. The plant has potential as a source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical purposes.
As an ornamental plant, it is favored for its attractive flowers and foliage and used in rock gardens, borders, and as a ground cover in garden landscapes. It is easy to grow and care for, provided it is planted in well-draining soil and receives full sunlight.
Light Requirements
Lotononis subulata requires full sun exposure to grow well. Therefore, it is recommended to plant it in the areas receiving at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Insufficient light may result in blanched and weak plant growth.
Soil Requirements
This plant prefers soil that is well-drained and moist yet does not stay waterlogged. A sandy-loamy soil with a neutral pH between 6 and 7 is ideal. Soil that has less organic matter, or one rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, can result in excessive vegetative growth with limited or no flowers.
Water Requirements
During establishment, Lotononis subulata should be provided with moderate watering to keep the soil consistently moist. Once established, the plant can tolerate mild drought conditions since its roots can access moisture from different soil levels. Over-watering can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. Therefore, it is important to avoid waterlogging of the soil.
Temperature Requirements
These plants can thrive in different temperatures ranges, including warm and cool temperatures. The ideal temperature range for the growth of Lotononis subulata is between 15°C and 28°C, although it can withstand occasional frost and freezing temperatures of up to -5°C. It is safe to protect the plants from extreme heat and cold during the establishment period.
Fertilizer Requirements
Lotononis subulata may be fed with light applications of balanced fertilizers like 10-10-10 during the growing season, especially in nutrient-poor soils. Excessive fertilizer applications may lead to scorching of the leaves or excessive vegetative growth, hampering blooming. It is advisable to use slow-release fertilizers to avoid washing away nutrients from rainfall and irrigation.
Cultivation Methods
Lotononis subulata, commonly known as the needle-leaved lotononis, is a hardy, drought-resistant plant that grows in most soil types, including clay, sandy, and loamy soils. It prefers well-drained soils and is tolerant of both acidic and alkaline soils. It thrives in full sun and can withstand high temperatures and low humidity. This plant is propagated from seeds or cuttings and grows rapidly, making it an ideal plant for landscaping and erosion control in dry regions.
Watering Needs
Lotononis subulata requires minimal watering, especially once established. It is drought-tolerant and can survive extended periods of drought. It is advisable to water the plant occasionally during the growing season to promote growth and blooming. However, overwatering can cause root rot, which can be fatal for the plant. It is best to water early in the morning or late in the evening to prevent excessive water loss through evaporation.
Fertilization
Lotononis subulata does not require much fertilization. However, a light application of a balanced fertilizer at the start of the growing season can promote growth and blooming. It is also advisable to fertilize the plant after pruning to encourage new growth and maintain its shape. Overfertilization can result in the development of weak growth and susceptibility to pests and diseases.
Pruning
Lotononis subulata requires minimal pruning, mostly to shape the plant and maintain its size. It is best to prune the plant after it has finished flowering, usually in late summer or early fall. Pruning should be done sparingly, only removing about a third of the plant's total height. It is best to use sharp and clean pruning shears to prevent damage or infection to the plant. Regular deadheading of spent flowers can also help promote new growth and blooming.
Propagation of Lotononis subulata B.-E.van Wyk
Lotononis subulata B.-E.van Wyk can be propagated from seeds or cuttings.
Propagation from Seeds
Seeds should be collected from mature pods that have started to dry out and turn brown, but have not yet opened. The seeds should be cleaned and stored in a cool, dry place until planting. Prior to planting, the seeds should be scarified to improve germination. Scarification can be carried out by rubbing the seeds against a hard surface, or by soaking them in hot water for a few hours. Once scarified, the seeds can be sown in a well-draining soil mix and kept moist until germination occurs. Germination usually takes 2-3 weeks.
Propagation from Cuttings
Cuttings of Lotononis subulata B.-E.van Wyk can be taken from young, healthy plants. The cuttings should be taken during the growing season and should be approximately 10-15 cm long. The lower leaves can be removed, and the cuttings should be dipped in a rooting hormone powder to encourage root growth. The cuttings can be planted in a well-draining soil mix, and should be kept moist until roots have formed. Rooting usually takes 4-6 weeks.
Disease Management for Lotononis subulata B.-E.van Wyk
Lotononis subulata B.-E.van Wyk is susceptible to a variety of fungal and bacterial diseases that can significantly reduce plant health and vigor.
The following are some common diseases that can affect Lotononis subulata:
- Anthracnose
- Southern blight
- Brown spot
- Rust
- Root rot
- Blackleg
To manage these diseases, it is important to practice good sanitation. This includes removing any infected plant material and ensuring that the plant has good air circulation. Fungicides and bactericides can also be used to control the spread of disease. It is important to follow label instructions when using any chemical control.
Pest Management for Lotononis subulata B.-E.van Wyk
Lotononis subulata B.-E.van Wyk is susceptible to a variety of pests that can cause damage or even death to the plant.
The following are some common pests that can affect Lotononis subulata:
- Scales
- Mealybugs
- Aphids
- Caterpillars
- Thrips
- Spider mites
To manage these pests, it is important to frequently monitor the plant for signs of infestation. Insecticides can be used to control pests, but it is important to use chemicals that are safe for the plant and to follow label instructions. Additionally, using biological controls such as beneficial insects can be effective in managing pest populations.
