Origin
Lotononis mollis, also known by its common name velvet leaf, is a plant species belonging to the Fabaceae family. It is native to South Africa and is commonly found in the dry and sandy regions of the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, and Northern Cape provinces.
Common Names
Velvet leaf is the most commonly used name for Lotononis mollis. The plant is also referred to as Wild Rosemary or River Tapestry by some locals in South Africa.
Uses
The plant's leaves and stems have been traditionally used by indigenous South African tribes to treat various health problems such as fever, colds, and coughs. It is also believed to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. In addition to its medicinal uses, the velvet leaf plant is used for soil stabilization, as it has a deep root system that helps prevent erosion. The plant's nitrogen-fixing ability also makes it an excellent cover crop to plant after the harvest of other crops.
General Appearance
The velvet leaf plant is a small, perennial shrub that grows up to 60 cm in height. Its leaves are small and composed of three leaflets, each with a velvety texture that gives the plant its name. The plant's flowers are small, yellow, and pea-like and bloom from August to October. Its seeds are 3-4 mm long and are enclosed in small pods that are covered in hooked hairs.
Light Requirements
Lotononis mollis needs full sun to thrive. It requires at least 6 hours of sunlight per day to grow healthy. If the plant receives insufficient light, it may become stunted, leggy, and eventually die off.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Lotononis mollis is between 18°C to 28°C. It can tolerate a minimum temperature of 10°C. However, temperatures below that can damage or kill the plant. Lotononis mollis can grow well in both tropical and subtropical regions.
Soil Requirements
Lotononis mollis prefers well-draining, sandy, and loamy soil types. It doesn't require highly fertile soil but can grow well when given a boost of organic matter at the beginning of growth. It can tolerate a pH range between 5.5 and 6.5, which is slightly acidic. In areas with heavy clay soils, adding organic matter can help improve soil drainage.
Cultivation Methods
Lotononis mollis (E.Mey.) Benth. can be propagated from seeds or cuttings. If propagating from seed, they should be sown in well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0-7.5. The plants prefer full sun but can also tolerate partial shade. They grow best in soils that are moist and rich in organic matter.
Watering Needs
These plants require regular watering, especially during dry periods. However, it's important to avoid overwatering since the plant can suffer from root rot. Watering should be done in the early morning or late afternoon/early evening to avoid evaporation and ensure that the water is absorbed by the plant.
Fertilization
During the growing season, fertilize the plant with a balanced fertilizer every two to three weeks to promote healthy growth and development. Avoid using fertilizers that are high in nitrogen since they can lead to excessive foliage growth and reduced flower production. Fertilization should be stopped during the dormant season (winter) to prevent any unnecessary stress on the plant.
Pruning
Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring before the growing season begins. Remove any dead or damaged stems, and prune the remaining stems to promote branching and a fuller shape. Avoid excessive pruning since the plant blooms on new growth. Pinch off spent flowers regularly to encourage the production of more blooms.
Propagation of Lotononis mollis
Lotononis mollis (E.Mey.) Benth. plant can be propagated via two methods: by seed and by vegetative propagation.
Propagation by seed
Seeds of Lotononis mollis can be collected from mature pods in the fall when they turn brown and start to split open. After collecting, the seeds can be stored in a cool, dry place until ready to plant.
Before planting, the seed coats can be nicked or soaked in warm water for several hours to improve germination rates. Plant the seeds in a well-draining soil mix at a depth of about 0.5 inches and water regularly.
Seeds of Lotononis mollis typically germinate within two to three weeks, and the seedlings can be transplanted to their permanent location after they have grown at least two true leaves.
Propagation by vegetative means
Lotononis mollis can also be propagated vegetatively, mainly through stem cuttings.
Take stem cuttings from an established plant during the warmer months. Use a sharp, sterile blade, cut a stem at a 45-degree angle, and remove all the lower leaves to leave about two or three pairs of leaves at the top. Dip the end in rooting hormone, and plant it in a well-draining soil mix that is moistened but not saturated.
The stem cuttings can be placed in a warm, humid environment, and they should be kept moist until they have rooted. It typically takes about four to six weeks for the roots to form, and the cuttings can be transplanted into larger containers or to a permanent location after about two months.
Disease and Pest Management for Lotononis mollis (E.Mey.) Benth.
Lotononis mollis is generally a hardy plant but is susceptible to certain diseases and pests. Here are some common ones and ways to manage them:Diseases
Root Rot: This fungal disease can become problematic in poorly drained soils or if the plant is overwatered. Avoid overwatering and ensure that the plant is growing in a well-draining soil mix. If detected, remove affected plants and improve soil drainage.
Powdery mildew: This disease can appear as a white powdery coating on leaves and stems of the plant. It can be prevented by minimizing overhead watering and providing good air circulation around the plant. If detected, remove affected foliage and treat the plant with a fungicide spray.
Rust: Rust is a fungal disease that causes rusty spots on plant leaves. Infected leaves can develop lesions which can cause stunted growth or leaf death. Applying a fungicide spray can be beneficial in controlling and preventing the spread of rust disease.
Pest Management
Aphids: Aphids are tiny green, white, or black insects that suck the sap from the plant's leaves, resulting in stunted growth and leaf drop. They can be controlled by spraying the plants with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny, reddish-brown insects that cause yellowing of leaves and the formation of webs on the plant. They can be controlled by spraying the leaves with a strong jet of water, using insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars can be a problem for Lotononis mollis. They can be controlled by removing them by hand or spraying the plants with Bacillus thuringiensis, an insecticide that targets caterpillars specifically.
While taking care of the plant, it's essential to maintain good sanitation practices, such as removing plant debris and fallen leaves. Proper care and attention can prevent most diseases and pests.