Origin
Lotononis carnosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. subsp. latifolia B.-E.van Wyk, commonly known as the Thorn Tree Pea, is a perennial plant which is native to southern Africa. This plant is commonly found in grasslands and savannahs, especially in South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana.
Common Names
This plant has various common names and is known by different names in different regions. Some of the common names include Thorn Tree Pea, Lekkerbreek, Bushveld Pea, and Lekkerbreekboontjie.
Uses
Lotononis carnosa has several medicinal properties and is used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as coughs, colds, and stomach problems. The root extracts of the plant are also used as a natural remedy for infertility. It is also used as a forage plant, and in some areas, it is considered as a significant grazing resource for livestock.
General Appearance
The Thorn Tree Pea is a shrubby perennial plant that can grow up to 1 m tall. It has woody stems with numerous short thorn-like branches. The leaves are trifoliate, with the leaflets being oval to oblong in shape. The flowers of the plant are yellow, and they are produced in clusters on the end of the branches. The fruit is a legume that is strongly inflated, curving, and covered in stiff bristles. The entire plant has a hairy texture.
Growth Conditions for Lotononis carnosa subsp. latifolia
Lotononis carnosa subsp. latifolia is a small shrub with a sprawling growth habit. It is adapted to grow in a wide range of habitats, from grasslands to savannas and even disturbed areas. It is native to southern Africa, particularly in Namibia, South Africa, and Botswana.
Light Requirements
One of the critical factors for the growth of L. carnosa subsp. latifolia is ample light. It requires full sun or partial shade to thrive. In areas with low light, the plant develops elongated stems and few leaves. Therefore, it is best to grown in areas that receive direct sunlight for most of the day.
Temperature Requirements
L. carnosa subsp. latifolia is a warm-season plant. It requires warm temperatures, between 20°C to 30°C, to grow optimally. However, it can tolerate temperatures below 10°C if the soil is well-drained. It is sensitive to frost and cannot survive in areas with prolonged freezing temperatures.
Soil Requirements
The plant is not overly fussy about the soil type. However, it prefers well-drained soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. It can tolerate soils with low fertility and can grow in sandy, clay, or loamy soils. The plant has a shallow root system, and, therefore, it is essential to ensure the soil is well-drained. Additionally, the soil should always be moist but not waterlogged to prevent root rot.
In conclusion, L. carnosa subsp. latifolia is a hardy shrub that can survive in various habitats with ample light, warm temperatures, and well-drained soils. It is an ideal plant for restoration projects, erosion control, and landscaping in areas with suitable growth conditions.
Cultivation methods
Lotononis carnosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. subsp. latifolia B.-E.van Wyk is a perennial plant that is native to southern Africa. It grows best in full sun to partial shade and requires well-draining soil. The plant can be propagated by seed, cuttings, or division.
Watering needs
Water the plant regularly during the growing season, but ensure not to let the soil become too soggy. Over-watering can lead to root rot. To promote healthy growth, water deeply about once a week or when the top layer of soil feels dry to the touch.
Fertilization
Since Lotononis carnosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. subsp. latifolia B.-E.van Wyk is a leguminous plant, it does not require heavy fertilization. However, some light feedings of a balanced fertilizer during the growing season (spring and summer) can help boost growth. Avoid fertilization during the dormant season (fall and winter).
Pruning
Pruning is necessary to maintain the shape and size of the plant. It is best to prune Lotononis carnosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. subsp. latifolia B.-E.van Wyk during the dormant season (fall and winter) to avoid disturbing new growth. Prune off any dead or damaged branches and trim back up to 1/3 of the plant's overall size to promote growth and improve its appearance.
Propagation of Lotononis carnosa subsp. latifolia
Lotononis carnosa subsp. latifolia is commonly propagated by seed and cuttings.
Propagation by Seed
The collection of mature seeds can be done once the pod has turned brown and dried up. The seeds should be cleaned, dried and stored in a cool, dry place until planting.
Before planting, the seeds should be soaked in hot water overnight to help with germination. The seeds can be planted in a well-draining soil mixture in a seedling tray. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and water gently. Water regularly and keep the seedlings in a warm, well-lit area.
After a few months, the seedlings can be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the ground in a suitable location.
Propagation by Cuttings
Cuttings can be taken during the growing season from softwood or semi-hardwood stems. The cuttings should be approximately 5-10 cm long with at least two nodes. Remove the lower leaves and dip the base of the cutting in rooting hormone.
The cuttings can be planted in a well-draining soil mixture and kept moist. It is advisable to cover the cuttings with a clear plastic bag to maintain high humidity. Plastic bags should be removed regularly to prevent mold from forming.
Rooting should occur within a few weeks, and once established, the new plant can be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the ground in a suitable location.
Disease Management
Lotononis carnosa subsp. latifolia is generally a hardy plant, but it can be susceptible to certain plant diseases. Here are some of the most common diseases that might affect this plant:
- Root Rot: This is a fungal disease that affects the roots of the plant, causing them to become brown and mushy. To prevent root rot, make sure that the soil is well-draining and avoid over-watering.
- Mildew: Mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a white powdery coating on the leaves. To prevent mildew, avoid overhead watering and make sure there is good air circulation around the plant.
- Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes circular spots on the leaves. To prevent this disease, avoid overhead watering and try to keep the leaves dry.
If you notice any signs of these diseases, it is important to remove and dispose of infected plant material immediately to prevent further spread. Fungicides may also be used to treat infected plants.
Pest Management
Although Lotononis carnosa subsp. latifolia is generally pest resistant, there are a few common pests that may affect this plant:
- Aphids: Aphids are tiny insects that feed on the sap of the plant, causing distorted growth and yellowing of leaves. To prevent aphids, regularly inspect the plant and use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control infestations.
- Spider mites: Spider mites are another common pest that can affect the plant. They cause yellow speckling on the leaves and fine webbing may be visible. To control spider mites, regularly mist the plant with water and use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Whiteflies: Whiteflies are small insects that feed on the undersides of the leaves. They can cause yellowing and stunting of the plant. To prevent whiteflies, regularly inspect the plant and use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control infestations.
It is important to regularly inspect the plant for signs of pests and take action immediately to prevent infestations from spreading. Using insecticidal soap or neem oil is an effective and environmentally friendly way to control pests on plants.
