Description:
Loranthus crassissimus Engl. is a parasitic plant that belongs to the family Loranthaceae. It is an evergreen plant that is native to tropical regions of eastern and southern Africa.
Common Names:
It is commonly known as the thick-stemmed loranthus, umhlabangubozi in Zulu, and umthangazizi in Xhosa.
Appearance:
The plant has thick, green and fleshy aerial roots that attach itself to the host tree, and forms a dense clump. It has opposite, leathery, and elliptical leaves, that are about 5-12cm long, and 1,5-4cm wide. The leaves have a glossy surface and vary from dark-green to light-green colour. The flowers are yellowish to greenish-white, and the fruits are capsular that contain one or two seeds.
Uses:
The plant has been used traditionally for medicinal purposes, particularly for treating wounds, cough, and stomach problems. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. The fruit is edible and is consumed raw or cooked in some African countries.
Light Requirements
Loranthus crassissimus is a hemi-parasitic plant that requires bright light. It thrives well in partial shade or full sunlight, which makes it ideal for growing as an epiphyte. This plant tends to be more adaptable to different light conditions than other species of Loranthus.
Temperature Requirements
Loranthus crassissimus grows well in warm and humid conditions with a temperature range of 20°C to 30°C. It is a tropical species that is not frost-tolerant, and it is only suitable for outdoor cultivation in areas with warm or mild climates. To ensure optimal growth and development, the plant requires temperatures to remain above 18°C.
Soil Requirements
Loranthus crassissimus is a hemi-epiphyte that grows on other trees and shrubs. Therefore, it does not require soil for growth. Nevertheless, when grown in pots, it is essential to ensure that the substrate is well-drained, porous, and rich in organic matter. A mix of peat, perlite, and coconut coir is ideal for growing Loranthus crassissimus in pots.
Cultivation method for Loranthus crassissimus Engl.
Loranthus crassissimus Engl. is a parasitic plant and requires a host tree to grow. It is essential to choose the right type of host tree for cultivation, which should be large and healthy with good sap flow. Once you have found the host tree, carefully wrap the planting material around the branch of the tree and tie it securely with a string. It is best to plant the Loranthus crassissimus in the rainy season.
Watering needs for Loranthus crassissimus Engl.
Loranthus crassissimus Engl. requires moderate watering during the growing season. Ensure that the host tree is adequately hydrated, as this will benefit the plant's growth. Do not water the Loranthus crassissimus directly, as this may cause root damage.
Fertilization for Loranthus crassissimus Engl.
Loranthus crassissimus Engl. does not require any fertilization, as it derives all its nutrients from the host tree. However, it is essential to ensure that the tree is healthy and receives the right amount of fertilization.
Pruning for Loranthus crassissimus Engl.
Loranthus crassissimus Engl. does not require any pruning as it is a parasitic plant. However, if it is growing too vigorously, it may be necessary to trim it back to avoid damaging the host tree. It is best to hire a professional to carry out any pruning work.
Propagation of Loranthus crassissimus Engl.
Loranthus crassissimus Engl. is commonly known as Kanyenye or Kinyenye in East Africa. It is a parasitic plant that grows on the branches of trees and shrubs in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa.
Propagation Methods:
1. Seed propagation: Loranthus crassissimus Engl. can be propagated by seeds, which ripen and disperse from October to January. The seeds are small and light and can be dispersed by birds or insects.
To propagate Loranthus crassissimus Engl. by seeds, collect the ripe fruit and extract the seeds. The seeds can be sown in pots or directly on the host plant. The seeds require light for germination, so they should not be covered with soil. Keep the soil moist but not wet, and the seeds should germinate within 2 to 3 weeks.
2. Cutting propagation: Loranthus crassissimus Engl. can also be propagated by cuttings. Take cuttings from the host plant in the growing season (rainy season). Cuttings should be about 8 to 10 cm long and have several nodes. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the cutting, leaving only 1 or 2 leaves at the top.
Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone and plant them in pots or directly on the host plant. Keep the soil moist and the cuttings should root within a few weeks.
3. Grafting propagation: Loranthus crassissimus Engl. can also be propagated by grafting. This method is commonly used for commercial production of the plant.
Cut the stem of the Loranthus crassissimus Engl. plant and select a rootstock of a related species such as Viscum album or Loranthus europaeus. Cut the rootstock at an angle and make a matching cut on the stem of the Loranthus crassissimus Engl. plant. Join the two cuts and wrap them with grafting tape or plastic.
The grafted plant should be kept in a warm and humid environment until it begins to grow. Once new growth appears, gradually reduce the humidity and increase the light levels.
Propagation of Loranthus crassissimus Engl. can be challenging due to its preference to grow on a host plant. However, by using one of the above propagation methods, it is possible to propagate this plant and enjoy its beauty.
Disease and Pest Management for Loranthus crassissimus Engl.
Loranthus crassissimus Engl., commonly known as African mistletoe, is a parasitic plant that often infects the branches of trees. Like any other plant, African mistletoe is susceptible to various diseases and pests that can affect its growth and development. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect African mistletoe and ways to manage them.
Diseases
Leaf spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes circular spots on the leaves of African mistletoe. The spots are usually brown or black and can cause the leaves to drop prematurely. To manage this disease, remove the infected leaves and ensure that the plant is not overcrowded.
Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears as white or gray powder on the leaves and stems of African mistletoe. This disease can cause stunted growth and distorted leaves. To manage powdery mildew, prune affected branches and ensure good air circulation around the plant.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small, sap-sucking insects that can cause distorted foliage and stunted growth in African mistletoe. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a strong jet of water to dislodge the insects or use insecticidal soap.
Mites: Mites are tiny pests that also feed on the sap of African mistletoe, causing yellowing and curling of leaves. To manage mites, spray the plant with neem oil or a miticide.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars are the larvae of various species of moths and butterflies and can cause severe defoliation in African mistletoe. To manage caterpillars, handpick them or apply Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) to the plant.
Regular monitoring of African mistletoe for any signs of disease or pest infestation is essential for successful management. Remember to apply any chemical treatment according to label directions and use protective gear when handling these chemicals.
