Overview
Lomatium macrocarpum, commonly known as Bigseed biscuitroot, Nuttall's biscuitroot or Indian parsley, is a perennial herb that belongs to the Apiaceae family. It is native to the western regions of North America, specifically in the United States and Canada.
Appearance
This plant grows up to 1.5 meters tall and produces a taproot that facilitates its survival in arid environments. The leaves are feather-like, deeply lobed, and can grow up to 50 cm long. Its flowers are small and yellow with umbel-shaped inflorescences, and they bloom between April and June. Additionally, this plant produces large seeds that resemble biscuits that are up to 2 cm in size.
Uses
Lomatium macrocarpum has been used as a food source by Native Americans for thousands of years, particularly the seeds, which have a nutty flavor. The plant was also used for medicinal purposes, such as treating colds, coughs, and influenza. Additionally, some studies suggest that this plant has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that could be beneficial for human health.
Today, Lomatium macrocarpum is grown as a decorative plant in gardens and natural landscapes. It is also used for re-vegetation projects in areas that have been disturbed by human activities or natural disasters, or to help restore the soil in erosion-prone regions.
Light Requirements
Lomatium macrocarpum is classified as a sun-loving plant and grows best in a location that receives full sun to partial shade. A minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight per day is ideal for proper growth and development.
Temperature Requirements
This plant prefers cooler growing temperatures and is typically found in regions with cold winters and hot, dry summers. It is capable of surviving in temperatures as low as -20°F (-29°C). Temperatures between 60°F to 70°F (15°C to 21°C) during the growing season are optimal for best growth.
Soil Requirements
Lomatium macrocarpum thrives in well-draining, sandy or rocky soils. It has a low tolerance for wet, poorly drained soils and is susceptible to root rot in such conditions. This plant is adapted to grow in soils with low fertility and does not require any additional fertilizer. A soil pH of 6.5 to 7 is considered ideal for the growth and development of this plant.
Cultivation
Lomatium macrocarpum grows best in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It prefers full sun exposure, but it can also tolerate partial shade. The plant is adaptable to a wide range of soil types, including loamy, sandy, or clay soils. It is drought-tolerant once established but will benefit from occasional watering during dry spells.
The plant is native to western North America and is well adapted to a range of environmental conditions. It can be propagated by seed or by dividing clumps of mature plants. When starting Lomatium macrocarpum from seed, it is essential to scarify the seed coat before planting to simulate the natural conditions necessary for germination.
Watering Needs
Lomatium macrocarpum requires moderate watering to establish in its first season. Once established, the plant can survive on rainfall alone but will benefit from occasional deep watering during extended dry spells. It is crucial to avoid overwatering, as this can cause root rot and other problems. Generally, the plant requires about an inch of water per week during the growing season.
Fertilization
Lomatium macrocarpum does not require heavy fertilization. In fact, too much fertilizer can cause it to become overly lush and increase its susceptibility to diseases. The best approach is to apply a slow-release, granular fertilizer in the early spring before new growth emerges. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Pruning
Lomatium macrocarpum does not require regular pruning, but it will benefit from periodic removal of old, damaged, or dead growth. You can also cut back the plant by one-third every few years to stimulate new growth. Pruning should be done in the late winter or early spring before new growth emerges. Always use sharp, sterile pruning tools, and make clean cuts to avoid damaging the plant.
Propagation of Lomatium macrocarpum
Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose, commonly known as the bigseed biscuitroot, is a perennial plant that belongs to the carrot family Apiaceae. This plant is native to North America and is found mainly in western states such as California, Oregon, and Washington.
Seed propagation
The most common method of propagating Lomatium macrocarpum is through seeds. The seeds of this plant should be collected as soon as they are ripe and brown. The seeds should be stored in a cool, dry place until it is time to plant them. The seeds can be sown in early spring or late fall. It is recommended to sow the seeds directly in the ground, as Lomatium macrocarpum has a deep taproot that makes it difficult to transplant.
Cutting propagation
Lomatium macrocarpum can also be propagated through cuttings. However, this method is less common and less successful. To propagate Lomatium macrocarpum through cuttings, select a healthy stem from the plant and cut it just below a leaf node. Remove the lower leaves from the stem and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a well-draining soil mix and keep it moist until roots develop.
Division propagation
Division of Lomatium macrocarpum is also possible, but it is not recommended as the plant has a deep taproot that makes it difficult to divide. To divide the plant, carefully dig up the plant and separate the root ball into smaller sections, each having a portion of the taproot. Plant the divided sections in their new locations as soon as possible and keep them well-watered.
Disease Management
Lomatium macrocarpum is susceptible to several fungal pathogens that can cause leaf spots, stem rots, and root and crown rots. The most common diseases affecting the plant include:
- Phytophthora root rot: This disease can lead to wilting, yellowing, and eventually death of the plant. Affected plants should be removed and destroyed to prevent the spread of the disease. Preventive measures include planting in well-drained soil and avoiding over-watering.
- Rhizoctonia root rot: This disease causes brown lesions on the roots and can lead to plant death. To manage the disease, ensure proper soil drainage and avoid overwatering. Fungicidal treatments can be used in severe cases.
- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease causes a white powdery coating on the foliage, eventually leading to leaf curling and distortion. To control the disease, avoid overhead watering, maintain good air circulation, and apply fungicides according to label instructions.
Pest Management
Lomatium macrocarpum is relatively resistant to pests, but a few insects may sometimes cause damage, including:
- Aphids: These small insects feed on the sap of the plant, causing curling and distortion of the leaves. To manage the infestation, use insecticidal soaps or neem oil according to label instructions.
- Spider mites: These tiny pests cause yellowing and speckling of the foliage. Increase humidity by misting the leaves and use insecticidal sprays or predatory insects such as ladybugs.
- Root weevils: These pests attack the roots of the plant, causing stunted growth and leaf wilting. Soil drenches with insecticides may be effective in controlling the infestation.
