Description of Lomatium farinosum (Hook.) Coult. & Rose var. farinosum
Lomatium farinosum (Hook.) Coult. & Rose var. farinosum, commonly known as Biscuitroot, is a perennial plant belonging to the carrot family (Apiaceae). It is native to North America and can be found in various regions, including the Intermountain West, Great Plains, and Pacific Northwest.
General Appearance of Lomatium farinosum (Hook.) Coult. & Rose var. farinosum
Lomatium farinosum has a distinctive appearance with stems that grow up to 1 meter tall and have a slightly fuzzy texture. The leaves are divided into numerous smaller leaflets and are also covered in fine hairs, giving them a silver-green hue. The plant produces clusters of small, white or yellow flowers that bloom in the spring and summer. The flowers are followed by oblong fruit that splits into two halves, each containing a single seed.
Uses of Lomatium farinosum (Hook.) Coult. & Rose var. farinosum
The roots of Lomatium farinosum have historically been used by Indigenous communities for various medicinal purposes, such as treating respiratory infections, coughs, colds, sore throats, and even tuberculosis. The plant contains compounds such as coumarins, which have antispasmodic, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Today, the plant is still used in herbal remedies to treat respiratory ailments, and the leaves and stems are consumed as a leafy green vegetable. Additionally, Lomatium farinosum has potential in restoring native vegetation and may be used for erosion control.
Growth conditions for Lomatium farinosum (Hook.) Coult. & Rose var. farinosum
Lomatium farinosum (Hook.) Coult. & Rose var. farinosum, commonly known as woolly biscuitroot or Mealy biscuitroot, is a perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to Apiaceae family. It is widely distributed in western North America, common in dry areas such as sagebrush, and woodland habitats on low to mid-elevation slopes.
Light requirements
Woolly biscuitroot thrives in partial to full sunlight conditions. It prefers exposure to direct sunlight for at least six hours daily for the plant to grow optimally. Lack of sufficient sunlight causes the plant to elongate its stem to reach for sunlight, which may result in the plant getting exposed to pests and diseases.
Soil requirements
The plant thrives in different types of soil ranging from sandy, loamy, to rocky soil. However, it grows well in well-drained soils with a pH range of 6.6-7.5. The soil should be moist but not overly wet to allow proper aeration for the roots. Adding organic matter to the soil enhances its nutrient composition and fosters the growth of woolly biscuitroot.
Temperature requirements
Woolly biscuitroot grows well in the temperature range of 59-86 degrees Fahrenheit. It is a winter deciduous plant, which means it sheds its leaves when the temperatures go below 20 degrees Fahrenheit. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures such as above 90 degrees Fahrenheit causes the plant to wilt and dry up.
Water requirements
The plant requires moderate watering during the growing season, which mainly occurs during the spring season. It is drought tolerant once it has fully established but requires frequent watering during its establishment period to enhance the growth of roots and stabilizes the plant. Overwatering is detrimental to the plant's growth and may cause root rot.
Nutrient requirements
Woolly biscuitroot requires a moderate amount of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium, for healthy growth. Applying a balanced fertilizer such as NPK (10-10-10) monthly during the growing season enhances its growth. The plant utilizes most of the nutrients during the season in which it grows before going dormant.
Cultivation Methods for Lomatium farinosum (Hook.) Coult. & Rose var. farinosum
Lomatium farinosum (Hook.) Coult. & Rose var. farinosum, commonly referred to as ‘flaky biscuitroot,’ is a native plant in North America. It belongs to the carrot family and can grow up to 40 inches in height.
The first step in cultivating Lomatium farinosum is to select a suitable location. The plant requires full sunlight and sandy or rocky soil with good drainage. It can tolerate drought conditions and high temperatures up to 100°F.
You can plant Lomatium farinosum from seed in the spring season, directly into the soil. Or, you can transplant seedlings in the fall or early winter seasons. The ideal spacing between plants should be around 18 to 24 inches.
Watering Needs for Lomatium farinosum (Hook.) Coult. & Rose var. farinosum
Lomatium farinosum requires moderate watering in its first year of growth. After that, it can tolerate dry conditions. However, it would be best if you watered the plant regularly during extended periods of drought to prevent water stress.
The best time to water Lomatium farinosum is in the early morning so that the foliage and soil can absorb water before the heat of the day.
Fertilization for Lomatium farinosum (Hook.) Coult. & Rose var. farinosum
Lomatium farinosum does not require heavy fertilization. Instead, it thrives in nutrient-poor soils. Therefore, avoid using nitrogen-based fertilizers, which can stimulate growth and result in weak stems and foliage. Instead, focus on adding organic matter, such as compost, to improve the soil structure and provide essential nutrients to the roots.
If you notice any micronutrient deficiencies, you may use a foliar spray to address the issue. However, it is advisable to get a soil test done before adding any nutrients to the soil.
Pruning Lomatium farinosum (Hook.) Coult. & Rose var. farinosum
Pruning is not required for Lomatium farinosum. However, if the plant becomes too leggy or develops yellow or brown foliage, you can cut back one-third of the stem's length. This pruning technique can encourage the plant to produce new growth and rejuvenate the plant.
It is advisable to wear gloves while handling the plant as the stem and leaves have fine hairs that can irritate the skin. Additionally, avoid pruning during the plant's flowering period, as it can reduce the number of flowers and seeds that the plant produces.
Propagation of Lomatium farinosum var. farinosum
Lomatium farinosum var. farinosum can be propagated through a variety of methods, including seeds, stem cuttings, and division. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Seed Propagation
Propagation by seed is the most common method for Lomatium farinosum var. farinosum. Seeds should be sown in the fall or early spring in a sunny location with well-drained soil. The seeds should be sown thinly and covered with a thin layer of soil. Germination can be slow and erratic, but the seeds will eventually germinate, usually within two to four weeks.
If you collect seeds from existing plants, make sure they are mature and dry before sowing. Store the seeds in a cool, dry place until planting.
Stem Cutting Propagation
Propagation by stem cutting is another option for Lomatium farinosum var. farinosum. Take a stem cutting in mid-summer from a healthy, mature plant. Cut a 4- to 6-inch piece of stem and remove the lower leaves. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant it in a container filled with well-drained soil. Keep the soil moist and in a partially shaded area until new growth appears.
Division Propagation
Propagation by division is the simplest method for Lomatium farinosum var. farinosum. In early spring or fall, dig up an established clump of the plant and carefully divide it into several sections. Each section should have several growing points and a healthy root system. Replant the divisions immediately in well-drained soil and keep them watered until they are established.
Propagation by division is ideal for rejuvenating mature plants or expanding a garden.
Disease Management
Lomatium farinosum is not susceptible to many diseases. However, when infected, the following diseases must be managed:
- Powdery Mildew: This disease causes a white powder-like substance to cover the surfaces of the plant, resulting in stunted growth. Keeping the plant dry and increasing air circulation may reduce the severity of the disease.
- Root Rot: Overwatering and poorly-draining soil can cause root rot in Lomatium farinosum. Preventing overwatering and ensuring proper drainage can effectively manage this disease.
Pest Management
Several pests can cause damage to Lomatium farinosum. The following pests are common and require attention for effective management:
- Aphids: These insects suck sap from the plant, resulting in reduced growth. The use of insecticidal soap or horticultural oil can control aphids.
- Spider Mites: Spider mites cause webbing and leaf drop in Lomatium farinosum. A strong stream of water or the use of neem oil can effectively control spider mites.
- Thrips: These tiny insects cause distorted growth and discoloration of leaves. The use of insecticidal soap or neem oil can control thrips.
