General Information
Lithothelium septemseptatum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot, also known as Stone Flower, is a type of lichen that belongs to the family Caliciaceae. It is commonly found growing on rocks, walls, and tree bark in temperate and tropical regions around the world.
Appearance
Stone flower lichen is a foliose lichen that has a light grayish-green appearance when wet, turning blue-gray when dry. The thallus is complex, contorted and lumpy, with a size of 2-7 cm wide. The upper surface is rounded and slightly glossy while the lower surface is whitish to pale brown with dense, white rhizines. In some cases, the lichen also produces small black apothecia which are visible to the naked eye.
Common Names
The common name of Lithothelium septemseptatum is Stone Flower, referring to its appearance on rocks.
Uses
Lithothelium septemseptatum does not have any significant uses in medicine or industry. However, it is commonly used in horticulture as an ornamental plant due to its unique and attractive appearance. The lichen also plays an important ecological role as a pioneer species in areas of ecological succession on rocks or bark where it helps to break down the substrate and create soil for other organisms to grow.
Overall, Lithothelium septemseptatum is a fascinating lichen with a unique appearance that serves important ecological purposes and is commonly used in horticulture.Growth Conditions for Lithothelium septemseptatum
Lithothelium septemseptatum is a species of lichen that can be found growing in various different environments. Here are the typical growth conditions for this species:
Light
Lithothelium septemseptatum can tolerate a wide range of light levels. It is commonly found growing in areas with dappled light or partial sunlight. It can also grow in areas that receive full sunlight, but in these areas, it tends to grow in areas of low competition, such as the north-facing side of rocks or tree trunks.
Temperature
Lithothelium septemseptatum is a hardy lichen species that can tolerate a range of temperatures. It is frequently found in cooler climates, such as the boreal forests of North America and Europe. It can survive temperatures down to -15°C and can tolerate temperatures up to 30°C. Its optimal temperature range for growth is between 10°C and 20°C.
Soil Requirements
Lithothelium septemseptatum is an epilithic lichen species, meaning it grows on rocks, boulders, and other hard surfaces. It does not require soil to grow, but it can grow in areas where there is a thin layer of soil or in areas where debris and organic matter have accumulated on top of rocks or boulders. It can also grow on man-made structures, such as concrete walls and building facades.
The growth of Lithothelium septemseptatum is dependent on several factors, including light, temperature, and substrate availability. By providing the right conditions, this lichen species can thrive and be an important part of its ecosystem.
Cultivation Methods
Lithothelium septemseptatum is a slow-growing lichen that thrives in humid and shaded environments. It prefers to grow on substrates such as rocks, bark, and soil, mostly in mountainous areas where it can receive sufficient moisture. To cultivate Lithothelium septemseptatum, one needs to mimic its native environment as much as possible. This may require providing the right level of humidity, temperature, and shading. Cultivating the lichen on rocks or bark is ideal since it provides a natural substrate, and the lichen can establish itself better in this environment.Watering Needs
Lithothelium septemseptatum relies on moisture to survive, and as such, it requires regular watering. However, overwatering can be detrimental to the plant as it may lead to the growth of fungi and other plant diseases. To maintain the right moisture level, it is advisable to water Lithothelium septemseptatum in moderation. This can be achieved by spraying the plant lightly once or twice a week, depending on the weather conditions.Fertilization
Fertilization of Lithothelium septemseptatum is not necessary as it obtains its nutrients from the air and its surrounding environment. However, supplementary feeding with natural compost or organic fertilizers may help to enhance its growth and overall health. If organic fertilizers are to be used, ensure that they are applied in moderation, as over-fertilization can adversely affect the lichen's growth.Pruning
There is no need for pruning Lithothelium septemseptatum since it does not have any stems or leaves. However, it is essential to remove any dead or diseased parts of the lichen to prevent the spread of infections. When removing diseased or dying parts of the plant, it is necessary to sterilize the cutting tools to prevent the spread of infections. This can be achieved by using a solution of alcohol or bleach to sanitize the tools and ensure that they are clean before any pruning is done.Propagation of Lithothelium septemseptatum
Lithothelium septemseptatum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot is a type of lichen that primarily reproduces through asexual methods. Asexual reproduction involves the growth and division of its thallus, which is the vegetative body of the lichen, without the need for gametes or spores. The following are the two main propagation methods for Lithothelium septemseptatum:
Fragmentation
Fragmentation is the most common propagation method for Lithothelium septemseptatum. This process involves breaking off a small piece of the thallus and attaching it to a substrate, such as a rock, where it can grow and form a new thallus. The success of this method depends on several factors, including the size of the fragment, the environmental conditions, and the presence of suitable substrate.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation is another method that Lithothelium septemseptatum uses to reproduce asexually. This process involves the detachment of a small portion of the thallus and its subsequent growth into a new thallus. This method is less common compared to fragmentation, but it can still be successful in the right environmental conditions.
In general, propagation of Lithothelium septemseptatum is straightforward and does not require any special techniques. It is a resilient species that can survive in various locations, including harsh environments such as deserts and polar regions.
Disease and Pest Management for Lithothelium septemseptatum
Lithothelium septemseptatum is generally a healthy and disease-resistant plant, making it suitable even for beginner gardeners. However, just like any other plant species, certain pests and diseases can affect its growth and survival. Here are some common ones:
Diseases
Anthracnose: This is a fungal disease that causes circular or irregular brown spots with dark edges on the plant leaves. It can also cause twig blight and cankers. To manage this disease, prune infected twigs and branches, and dispose of them properly. Apply a fungicide before new growth appears in spring.
Root rot: This is caused by soil-borne fungi such as Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia, and can result in wilting, yellowing, and death of the plant. To prevent root rot, avoid overwatering and ensure good drainage. If the plant is infected, remove it from the soil and dispose of it. Do not plant other susceptible species in that area.
Pests
Aphids: These are tiny insects that suck sap from the plant, causing curling and stunted growth. They can also transmit viral diseases. To control aphids, you can use insecticidal soap or neem oil. Encouraging beneficial insects such as ladybugs and lacewings can also help.
Spider mites: These are common pests that feed on the undersides of leaves, causing yellowing and stippling. They are very small and can be hard to detect. To manage spider mites, you can use insecticidal soap or a miticide. Regularly misting the plant can also help prevent infestations.
Overall, maintaining good plant health through proper watering, fertilization, and pruning can help prevent diseases and pests in Lithothelium septemseptatum. Regularly inspecting the plant and taking appropriate action at the first signs of disease or pest infestation can also help control the problem before it spreads.