Overview
Lithops karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. bella (N.E.Br.) D.T.Cole, commonly known as Karasmontana or Karas Mountains living stone, is a small succulent plant species belonging to the family Aizoaceae.
Origin
The plant is native to the rocky outcrops of the Karas Mountains, located in southwestern Namibia and northwestern South Africa.
Appearance
Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella is a tiny plant that can grow up to 1.5 cm in diameter. It forms a pair of opposite leaves, which are fused together and look like a single body. The leaves are flat on the top and convex on the bottom, and they have a fissure in the center that allows them to store water. The fissure is covered by a thin, transparent membrane that acts as a filter for the sunlight that reaches the chlorophyll-rich tissue beneath. This adaptation helps the plant to avoid overheating and to protect itself from predators.
Uses
Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella is a popular ornamental plant among succulent enthusiasts. Its unique appearance and low maintenance requirements make it a favorite for windowsill gardens and rock gardens.
Light Requirements
Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella requires bright, direct sunlight for at least four hours every day. In general, the plant can tolerate some shade during the day. However, too little light can lead to elongation of the plant, resulting in a less desirable form.
Temperature Requirements
This plant subspecies does best when grown in a warm and dry environment, with typical daytime temperatures ranging from 70-80°F (21-27°C). It is essential to avoid low nighttime temperatures, which can lead to rot. In general, Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella will thrive in temperatures similar to its natural habitat on rocky hillsides and crevices in Namibia.
Soil Requirements
Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella requires a well-draining soil mix. It is recommended to use a commercial cactus soil mix and add extra drainage material such as perlite or pumice to enhance drainage. The plant's roots require air circulation along with moisture to prevent rot, so it is necessary to avoid planting it in a water-retentive soil that stays damp for long periods.
Cultivation Methods
Lithops karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. bella (N.E.Br.) D.T.Cole commonly known as the "Living Stones" is a fascinating and unique plant. It requires well-draining soil with a pH of 6.5-7.5. The ideal temperature range for its growth is 15-20°C, and it prefers bright, indirect sunlight.
Propagation can be done through seeds or through division of the clumps. If propagating through seeds, it is recommended to sow them during spring or fall. When the plant is a year old, it can be repotted into a larger container.
Watering Needs
Watering Lithops karasmontana should be done carefully. It is a succulent plant, so overwatering can cause root rot. Only water the plant when the soil is completely dry. Ensure that the water does not accumulate in the soil by using a well-draining potting mix and a drainage hole. During the winter season, it is best to reduce watering to avoid cold and damp soil.
Fertilization
The "Living Stones" do not require regular fertilization. Instead, they can receive minimal feeding once a month during the growing season using a succulent fertilizer diluted to half the strength. Avoid fertilizing during the winter months when the plant is dormant.
Pruning
Pruning Lithops karasmontana is not necessary, as it does not have any particular shape. The plant grows low and remains in a clumping habit. The only essential maintenance of Lithops is the removal of dead leaves which can help prevent pests and diseases. The dead leaves should be gently pulled away from the plant to avoid damaging the healthy foliage.
Propagation of Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella
Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella, also known as the Karas Mountains living stone, can be propagated through several methods:
Propagation by Seed
Seeds of Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella can be collected when the seed capsules mature and turn brown. Collect the seeds carefully and store them in a cool, dry place until they are ready to be planted. The seeds should be sown in a well-draining sandy soil mix and kept barely moist until they germinate. Germination can take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks, depending on the conditions.
D ivision
Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella can be propagated by carefully dividing the clumps. Choose a plant that has at least two pairs of leaves and gently remove it from its pot. Gently tease apart the clump, being careful to keep the roots intact. Each divided plant should have at least one pair of leaves and roots. Replant each division in a well-draining soil mix and water sparingly.
Offsets
Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella produces offsets or "pups" around its base as it grows. To propagate using offsets, wait until the pup has at least two pairs of leaves and gently remove it from the mother plant. Plant the offset in a well-draining soil mix and water sparingly until it establishes a root system.
Propagation by seed and division are the most common methods used to propagate Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella. Propagating by offsets can be slower and less reliable.
Disease Management
Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella is generally free from serious diseases if grown under optimal conditions. However, in unfavorable conditions, the plant can be susceptible to a few diseases.
One of the common diseases that can infect the plant is fungal diseases, including root rot and leaf spot. Root rot can occur due to overwatering or poor drainage, resulting in the decay of roots. Leaf spots, on the other hand, are caused by fungal spores, which can spread rapidly in humid and damp conditions.
To manage fungal diseases, maintain good air circulation around the plant to prevent humidity and moisture. Avoid overwatering and ensure that the soil is well-draining. Remove infected leaves and isolate the plant from others to prevent the spread of the disease. Fungicides can be applied to control the spread of the disease.
Another disease that can affect the Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella is bacterial soft rot. This disease is caused by bacteria that can infect the plant leading to soft and mushy tissue, causing the plant to wilt and eventually die.
To manage bacterial soft rot, avoid overwatering and ensure proper drainage. Remove infected parts of the plant as soon as possible to prevent the spread of the disease. Disinfect tools before and after use, and ensure that the plant is grown under optimal conditions.
Pest Management
Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella is relatively resistant to pests. However, some pests can infest the plant, leading to damage and reduced growth.
One of the common pests that affect the plant is spider mites. These pests are tiny arachnids that can infest the plant, causing yellowing and shriveling of the leaves. Spider mites can easily spread from plant to plant, leading to a full-blown infestation.
To manage spider mites, the plant can be treated with insecticidal soaps or neem oil. Quarantine any infected plant to prevent spreading of the pests, and avoid overcrowding of plants in the growing area. Ensure that the plant is grown under optimal conditions, including maintaining good air circulation to prevent humidity.
Aphids are another pest that can infest Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella. These pests feed on the sap of the plant, leading to stunted growth and curled leaves. They can also spread diseases from one plant to another.
To manage aphids, one can use insecticidal soap, neem oil or horticultural oils. In case of a severe infestation, insecticides can be used. A gentle spray of water can help remove the pests from the leaves. Ensure that the plant is grown under optimal conditions and avoid overcrowding of plants to prevent an infestation.
