Origin and Common Names
Lithophragma heterophyllum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. & Gray var. campanulatum (T.J. Howell) M.E. Peck, commonly known as the woodland star, is a perennial herb in the Saxifrage family. Its name comes from the Greek words lithos (stone) and phragma (fence). The plant is native to western North America, including parts of California, Oregon, and Washington. It is found in a variety of habitats, including woodlands, meadows, and slopes.General Appearance
Woodland star typically grows to be about 6-18 inches tall. It has heart-shaped leaves that grow at the base of the stem and smaller, lance-shaped leaves on the stem. The leaves are dark green and slightly hairy. The flowers of the woodland star are pink or white and have five petals that are fused at the base to form a bell shape. They bloom from late spring to summer and are held on slender stems above the foliage.Uses
The woodland star is considered an important plant for pollinators, as it is a favorite of bees and butterflies. It is also used in native plant gardens and as a groundcover in shaded areas. Some Indigenous groups used the plant as medicine for menstrual cramps, stomachaches, and as a blood purifier. The leaves were also chewed for sore throats and as an overall remedy. However, it is not recommended to use this plant without the advice of a medical practitioner.Growth Conditions for Lithophragma heterophyllum var. campanulatum
Lithophragma heterophyllum var. campanulatum, commonly known as the Spreading Woodland-Star, is a perennial herb that belongs to the Saxifrage family. This species is commonly found in woodlands and meadows that are situated at high elevations in western North America. In this section, we will discuss the ideal growth conditions for this plant, which are as follows:
Light Requirements
The Spreading Woodland-Star grows well in partial to full shade. It is usually found growing under the shade of trees in woodlands or in meadows that are partially exposed to sunlight. When grown in full sun, this plant wilts quickly and may not survive.
Temperature Conditions
The Spreading Woodland-Star prefers cool to moderate temperatures, making high altitude locations optimal for its growth. Typically, this plant can withstand cold temperatures and prefers to grow in areas that receive little frost. It is commonly found growing in areas with a cool and moist climate.
Soil Requirements
The Spreading Woodland-Star requires well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. This plant is not very tolerant of dry soil conditions, and because of this, it thrives in soils that are consistently moist. This species prefers soils that are neutral to slightly acidic.
In conclusion, the Spreading Woodland-Star requires partial to full shade, cool to moderate temperatures, and well-drained moist soil with neutral to slightly acidic pH levels for optimal growth. Paying attention to these growth conditions is essential to ensure the survival and longevity of this beautiful plant.
Cultivation
Lithophragma heterophyllum var. campanulatum can be cultivated in pots or directly in neutral to slightly acid garden soil. If you grow them in pots, select a pot that is at least 10cm deep with a good drainage system. These plants can also be grown in rock gardens. When planting, ensure that the top of the root ball is level with the ground. Ensure the soil is well-drained and rich in organic matter.
Watering needs
Lithophragma heterophyllum var. campanulatum needs regular watering during summers to establish the roots, but they do not require much watering once they are established. Ensure that the soil is moist, but not waterlogged, to prevent root rot. During winter, water them sparingly to avoid waterlogging.
Fertilization
These plants do not require much fertilizer to grow well. You can apply a slow-release granular fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 ratio, in spring when the new growth appears. Too much fertilizer can damage these plants, so be careful not to over-fertilize.
Pruning
Prune Lithophragma heterophyllum var. campanulatum in late fall or early spring before new growth starts to appear. Cut back the previous year's growth to promote new growth and maintain its shape. You can also remove any dead, damaged, or diseased stems. However, avoid pruning too much as these plants do not respond well to heavy pruning.
Propagation of Lithophragma heterophyllum var. campanulatum
Lithophragma heterophyllum var. campanulatum, also known as the Sierra spring beauty, can be propagated through several methods, including seed propagation, division, and stem cuttings.
Seed Propagation
Seeds can be collected from mature plants and sown in a prepared seed bed in the fall or early winter. They require a period of cold stratification for about 4-8 weeks to break dormancy. Once germinated, thin the seedlings to give them enough space to grow and develop into mature plants. It takes about two to three years for the plants to reach maturity and start blooming.
Plant Division
Dividing mature plants is another propagation method for L. heterophyllum var. campanulatum. It is best to do this in the fall or early spring when the plants are not actively growing. Carefully dig up the plant and separate the crown into several clumps, ensuring that each clump has a healthy root system. Replant each clump into a new location and water well. The newly transplanted clumps should be protected from direct sun and excessive heat for a few weeks until they have time to recover.
Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings are another propagation method that can be used for L. heterophyllum var. campanulatum. Cuttings should be taken in the late spring or early summer from healthy, mature plants. Select stems that are not actively flowering and make a clean cut with a sharp knife just below a node. Remove all leaves from the stem except the top few and dip the base of the cutting into rooting hormone to stimulate root growth. Plant the cutting in a pot filled with well-draining soil and keep it moist but not waterlogged. Once the roots have established, the young plant can be transplanted into the garden or into a larger pot.
Disease and Pest Management for Lithophragma heterophyllum var. campanulatum
Lithophragma heterophyllum var. campanulatum, commonly known as the Northern sanicle, is a robust perennial herb native to western North America. This species is generally disease and pest free, but in certain conditions, it may be susceptible to some pathogens and pests.
Common Diseases
Crown Rot: Crown rot is a soil-borne fungal disease that causes wilting, stem and root rot, and eventually death of the plant. It is caused by the fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi, which thrives in poorly-drained soils. The infected plant should be removed and destroyed, and the planting site should be treated with fungicides.
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is caused by the fungus Phyllosticta arctostaphyli and appears as small, circular, brown lesions on the leaves. It is more common in wet conditions and can reduce the plant's vigor. The infected leaves should be removed and destroyed, and the plant should be treated with fungicides to prevent further spread.
Common Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from the plant's leaves, causing them to curl and yellow. Large infestations can cause significant damage to the plant. Aphids can be controlled by spraying the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Slugs and Snails: Slugs and snails can cause extensive damage to the plant by eating leaves, stems, and flowers. They are more prevalent in wet conditions and can be controlled by placing bait or traps around the plant.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the plant's sap, causing the leaves to become discolored and mottled. They thrive in hot and dry conditions and can be controlled by spraying the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Regular inspection and maintenance of Lithophragma heterophyllum var. campanulatum is crucial to keep it healthy and free from diseases and pests. Proper cultural practices, such as irrigation management, soil fertility, and adequate spacing, can reduce the plant's susceptibility to diseases and pests.
