Origin
Lipochaeta micrantha var. exigua is a sub-species of the flowering plant Lipochaeta micrantha. This species is native to Hawaii, particularly in the islands of Oahu, Maui, and Molokai.
Common Names
This plant is commonly known as 'Au'wai (Hawaiian) or Dwarf Lipochaeta.
Uses
In traditional Hawaiian medicine, this plant is used to treat sore throats, colds, and coughs. It is also known for its diuretic properties. Additionally, the plant is used in Hawaiian lei-making due to its attractive yellow flowers.
General Appearance
Lipochaeta micrantha var. exigua is a small, evergreen shrub that typically grows up to 4 feet tall. Its leaves are dark green, glossy, and elliptical in shape, measuring between 1 and 4 inches long. The plant produces small yellow flowers that bloom throughout the year. The flowers are about 0.25 inches wide, and they are arranged in tight clusters at the end of the stems. The fruit is a small achene that measures between 0.12 and 0.16 inches long. The plant prefers to grow in dry to mesic forests, coastal areas, and lava fields at an elevation of up to 2,000 feet.
Light requirements
Lipochaeta micrantha var. exigua can grow under full sun to partly shaded environments. However, it thrives well in areas with bright light and direct sunlight. The plant requires at least 6 hours of sunlight daily to support its growth and development.
Temperature requirements
The ideal temperature range for the growth of Lipochaeta micrantha var. exigua is between 70°F-80°F (21°C-27°C). The plants can tolerate temperatures between 50°F-90°F (10°C-32°C), but extremely low or high temperatures may affect plant growth.
Soil requirements
The Lipochaeta micrantha var. exigua plant grows well in well-draining soils with adequate moisture. The soil should have a slightly acidic to neutral pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.5. The plant prefers nutrient-rich soils with a good supply of humus, but it can tolerate soil with low fertility.
Additionally, the plant requires a medium-textured soil with good water-holding capacity. Sandy soils are not suitable since they don’t offer enough moisture, while clay soils hold too much moisture, causing root rot. A loamy soil with adequate aeration is ideal since it allows for the optimal growth of the plant.
Cultivation methods
Lipochaeta micrantha var. exigua is a small, herbaceous plant that is native to Hawaii. As with most plants, it prefers well-drained soil and adequate sunlight. It can be grown both indoors and outdoors in a range of soil types, provided the soil is well-drained. You can propagate it by seed or stem cuttings. Plant the seeds or cuttings in well-draining soil and keep them moist but not waterlogged. The plant grows best in temperatures between 60-80°F and can be grown at higher elevations.
Watering needs
Water the plant deeply when the top inch of soil is dry, but be sure not to over-water it, as it can lead to root rot. During hot and dry conditions, the plant may need more water than usual. If you are growing the plant indoors, it is best to use a well-draining potting mix to avoid water pooling at the bottom of the pot, leading to root rot.
Fertilization
Use a balanced fertilizer with a 15-15-15 ratio every two weeks during the growing season to promote healthy growth and flowering. Follow the instructions on the fertilizer label, as over-fertilization can lead to salt buildup in the soil, which is harmful to the plant.
Pruning
Lipochaeta micrantha var. exigua does not require frequent pruning, but you can trim it occasionally to promote compact growth and to get rid of dead or diseased leaves. If the plant has grown tall and leggy, you can pinch back the tips of the stems to promote branching. However, be careful not to remove too much foliage at once, as the plant may become stressed and wither.
Propagation of Lipochaeta micrantha (Nutt.) Gray var. exigua (O. Deg. & Sherff) R.C. Gardner
Lipochaeta micrantha (Nutt.) Gray var. exigua (O. Deg. & Sherff) R.C. Gardner can be propagated using various methods such as seed propagation, vegetative propagation, and tissue culture.
Seed Propagation
The seeds of Lipochaeta micrantha (Nutt.) Gray var. exigua (O. Deg. & Sherff) R.C. Gardner can be collected after maturation and sown directly in pots or seedbeds. The ideal sowing time is during spring or early summer to ensure better germination rates. The seeds can be sown at a depth of 1 cm and should be covered lightly with soil. The pot or seedbed should be kept moist, and germination can be expected within 2-3 weeks. After the seedlings have grown a few inches tall, they can be transplanted into individual pots or planted in the desired location.
Vegetative Propagation
Lipochaeta micrantha (Nutt.) Gray var. exigua (O. Deg. & Sherff) R.C. Gardner can also be propagated using stem cuttings. The cuttings should be taken from healthy plants during early spring. The cuttings should be around 6-8 cm in length and should be planted in well-draining soil. The soil should be kept moist, and the cuttings should be kept in a shaded location until they have rooted. After rooting, the cuttings can be transplanted into individual pots or planted in the desired location.
Tissue Culture
Tissue culture is another method of propagating Lipochaeta micrantha (Nutt.) Gray var. exigua (O. Deg. & Sherff) R.C. Gardner. This method involves growing plants using a small piece of tissue from the parent plant. The tissue is placed in a sterile nutrient medium, and the cells in the tissue are encouraged to grow and develop into a new plant. This method is ideal for producing a large number of plants in a short amount of time and for producing disease-free plants. However, this method is more complex and requires specialized equipment and skilled personnel.
Disease Management
Lipochaeta micrantha var. exigua is commonly affected by fungal diseases such as leaf spot and powdery mildew. To manage these diseases, begin by removing any infected plant material. This includes leaves, stems, and even flowers if necessary. Be sure to properly dispose of the infected material, either by burning or sealing it in a plastic bag and throwing it in the trash. Avoid overhead watering to prevent the spread of disease, and remove weeds around the plant to improve air circulation. Fungicides can also be used to manage these diseases, but be sure to follow the instructions carefully and use them as a last resort.
Pest Management
Common pests that affect Lipochaeta micrantha var. exigua include aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies. These pests can cause damage to the foliage and reduce the overall health of the plant. To manage these pests, begin by using a strong stream of water to knock them off the plant. This can be done with a hose or a small sprayer. Beneficial insects, such as ladybugs and lacewings, can also be introduced to the garden to help manage these pests. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can be used as a last resort, but be sure to follow the instructions carefully and avoid spraying during hot, sunny weather.
