Overview
Lipochaeta alata Sherff var. pulchrior Sherff is a flowering herbaceous plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. This plant is also known by its common name, Kauai swamp arrowhead.
Origin
The plant is native to the Hawaiian Islands, specifically found in the wetlands of the island of Kauai. It is also said to grow in the Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge, which is a protected area for Hawaiian endangered species. However, this plant's population is threatened by habitat destruction, invasive species, and floods, according to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
General Appearance
The Lipochaeta alata Sherff var. pulchrior Sherff plant can grow up to nearly a meter in height, with leaves that are green and have serrated edges. The shape of the leaves varies from elliptical to lanceolate and they may grow to be around 5 cm long. This plant has yellow daisy-like flowerheads that are approximately 1 cm in diameter. The florets in the center of these flowerheads are tubular and they have a pappus of white bristles.
Uses
While there is not much information about the specific uses of Lipochaeta alata Sherff var. pulchrior Sherff for humans, it is known to be of relevant ecological importance. This plant provides habitat and food for various endangered species that inhabit the Kauai wetlands ecosystem, including waterbirds like Hawaiian ducks, coots, and stilts. The Kauai swamp arrowhead is also a part of the unique flora of Hawaii and has medicinal properties, but these properties have not been extensively researched or documented.
Light Requirements
Lipochaeta alata Sherff var. pulchrior Sherff requires bright but indirect sunlight to thrive. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, so it is best to place the plant near a window that receives filtered light. Avoid placing it in a dark corner as this can cause the plant to become leggy.
Temperature Requirements
This plant prefers a warm and humid environment. The temperature range should be between 60°F and 75°F. Lipochaeta alata Sherff var. pulchrior Sherff is sensitive to extreme temperatures and can wilt or die if exposed to below 50°F or above 85°F for an extended period.
Soil Requirements
Well-drained soil with good moisture retention is essential for this plant to grow. A high-quality potting mix containing peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite is an ideal choice. The soil pH should be slightly acidic, ranging from 5.5 to 6.0. The plant can also grow in acidic soil, but it is essential to avoid an alkaline environment.
Cultivation
Lipochaeta alata Sherff var. pulchrior Sherff, commonly known as the Kaua'i nehe, is a tropical plant primarily found in Hawaii. It prefers to grow in full sun to partial shade, in well-drained soil. The plant is tolerant of salty air and can be grown close to the ocean. This species is suitable for growing in USDA hardiness zones 10 and 11.
Watering Needs
To ensure healthy growth, Kaua'i nehe should be watered regularly. The plant prefers to be kept evenly moist, but not waterlogged. Avoid leaving the plant in standing water, as it can lead to root rot. During the growing season, make sure the soil is moist and reduce watering in the winter months.
Fertilization
It is recommended to fertilize the Kaua'i nehe every three to four months, using a balanced fertilizer. Apply the fertilizer at half strength, as this species is sensitive to over-fertilization, which can cause leaf burn. Organic fertilizers are the best option, as they provide a slow release of nutrients and improve soil quality over time.
Pruning
Kaua'i nehe does not require pruning as it maintains a compact growth habit. However, if it becomes too tall, it can be pruned to maintain its size and shape. Prune the plant during the dormant season when it has finished flowering. Begin by removing any dead, diseased or damaged stems. Cut back the remaining stems to a desirable length, and remove any crossing branches. The plant will quickly regrow and develop new flowers.
Propagation of Lipochaeta alata Sherff var. pulchrior Sherff
Lipochaeta alata Sherff var. pulchrior Sherff can be propagated through both seeds and stem cuttings. Each method requires different steps and techniques.
Propagation through Seeds
Seeds are an inexpensive and easy way to propagate Lipochaeta alata Sherff var. pulchrior Sherff. Collect mature seeds from healthy plants during the blooming season and prepare a seedbed with well-draining soil. Sow the seeds in 1/8-inch holes, spacing them one inch apart. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil, mist daily, and keep the seedbed moist during germination. Germination may take up to four months, and once the seedlings grow their first true leaves, they can be transplanted to their permanent location.
Propagation through Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings are another propagation method for Lipochaeta alata Sherff var. pulchrior Sherff. Take stem cuttings from current growth in the spring or fall. Choose a healthy stem and make a clean cut just below where a leaf connects. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone powder to encourage root growth, then plant the stem in a pot with sterile soil mix. Moisten the soil and cover the pot with a plastic bag to create a greenhouse-like environment. Place the pot in a warm, bright location, ensuring the soil stays moist at all times. Within several weeks, the stem cutting should root and can be transplanted to a permanent location.
Disease Management
Lipochaeta alata Sherff var. pulchrior Sherff is generally a healthy plant, but some diseases can affect it. The most common diseases that affect this plant are:
- Powdery Mildew: It is a fungal disease that causes a powdery growth on the leaves. To manage it, remove all infected leaves and spray the plant with a solution made of one tablespoon of baking soda and one quart of water.
- Leaf Spot: It is a fungal disease that causes circular brown spots on the leaves. To manage it, remove all infected leaves and spray the plant with a fungicide.
Pest Management
Several pests can attack Lipochaeta alata Sherff var. pulchrior Sherff. Here are some of them and their management:
- Aphids: These are small, soft-bodied insects that suck the sap from the plant. To manage them, spray the plant with insecticidal soap, or wipe the leaves with a cloth dampened in soapy water.
- Spider Mites: These are tiny insects that feed on the sap from the underside of the leaves, causing yellowing and mottling. To manage them, spray the plant with a solution of one tablespoon of liquid dish soap and one quart of water.
- Mealybugs: These are small, white, cotton-like insects that feed on the sap from the plant, causing stunted growth. To manage them, spray the plant with rubbing alcohol or insecticidal soap.
