Origin
Linociera welwitschii (Knobl.) Gilg & Schellenb. belongs to the Clusiaceae family and is native to tropical African countries such as Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon & Nigeria.
Common Names
The common names of Linociera welwitschii include yellow daisy tree, bonduc nut tree, pigmaea tree, sack tree, guatemala tree & buttercup tree.
Uses
The yellow daisy tree is known for its medicinal properties. The plant extracts are used to cure a variety of diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, fever and skin infections. The bark of the tree is used for the treatment of tuberculosis and snakebites. In traditional African medicine, the plant is used as an aphrodisiac and to improve fertility. The seeds of the tree are used to make jewellery and handicrafts, while the tree's wood is used to make furniture and utensils.
General Appearance
Linociera welwitschii is a small to medium-sized tree that can grow up to 15 meters tall. The tree has a dense spread of branches that protrude from a relatively short trunk. The bark of the tree is greyish-brown and rough in texture. The leaves are elongated and shiny, growing up to 20 centimeters long. The flowers of the tree are a bright yellow colour and have a daisy-like appearance, blossoming between November and January. The fruit of the yellow daisy tree is a large, woody capsule that splits open to reveal between one and three seeds, which have a bright red coating.
Light Requirements
Linociera welwitschii typically prefers full to partial sun exposure, and therefore, it can thrive in a wide range of light intensities. It is important to avoid exposing the plant to intense sunlight for extended periods as it can scorch and damage its leaves. Partial shade is, therefore, a suitable condition, especially in the afternoon, to prevent such damage.
Temperature Requirements
The species is native to tropical Africa and thrives well in warm and humid conditions. The ideal temperature range for the growth and development of Linociera welwitschii is between 20°C to 30°C. The plant can, however, tolerate slightly lower temperatures of about 15°C but cannot tolerate frost or temperatures below 10°C. It is essential to protect the plant from extreme temperature fluctuations and cold air currents.
Soil Requirements
The plant has specific soil requirements to support its growth and development optimally. Linociera welwitschii prefers well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 5.5 to 7. It requires a soil mixture that is rich in organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure. The ideal soil texture for the species is a moist, loamy composition that is neither too heavy nor too light. Adequate moisture is essential for the plant's growth and, therefore, regular watering is necessary, especially during periods of dry weather.
Cultivation Methods
Linociera welwitschii is a subtropical shrub that is native to Angola and Zambia, where it grows in dense woodlands and forest margins. It thrives in warm temperatures and prefers well-draining soil.
When growing this plant, it's essential to start with a healthy seedling or cutting. Plant it in a pot or in the ground in a sheltered spot that receives partial shade. Ensure that the soil is fertile and rich in organic matter, and water it regularly to keep it moist.
Watering Needs
Linociera welwitschii prefers to be kept moist, but overwatering can lead to root rot and other issues. Water it once or twice a week, depending on the climate and humidity levels in your area. During hot weather or prolonged drought, increase the frequency of watering to keep the plant hydrated. Monitoring the soil moisture regularly will help you determine when to water.
Fertilization
As Linociera welwitschii thrives in rich soil, it's essential to fertilize it every four to six weeks during the growing season. Use a balanced fertilizer that is high in nitrogen to promote healthy leaf growth and fruit production. You can also use organic matter such as compost or manure to feed your plant.
Pruning
To maintain the shape and size of your Linociera welwitschii plant, you will need to prune it regularly. Pruning helps to remove damaged and diseased branches, promotes bushier growth and increased fruit production. Prune your plant during the dormant season by cutting back to just above a bud or node to encourage new growth.
Propagation of Linociera welwitschii (Knobl.) Gilg & Schellenb.)
Linociera welwitschii is a shrub that belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to Angola and can be propagated by different methods, including seeds, cuttings, and layering.
Propagation by seeds
The propagation of Linociera welwitschii by seeds can be done indoors or outdoors. The seeds should be sown in well-draining soil mixed with sand in a seed tray or pot. The tray or pot should be kept moist and placed in a warm area with bright but indirect sunlight. Germination should occur within 2-3 weeks.
Propagation by cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is another method that can be used to propagate Linociera welwitschii. Cuttings should be taken from the mother plant during the growing season. The cutting should be about 6-8 inches long, with at least one node. The lower leaves should be removed, leaving only a few at the top. The cutting should be planted in well-draining soil mixed with sand and kept moist. Roots should start developing within 4-6 weeks.
Propagation by layering
Propagation by layering is a technique that involves bending a low-hanging stem of the mother plant to the ground and covering a part of it with soil. A small nick should be made on the part of the stem that is covered with soil to encourage root growth. The covered part should be watered regularly until roots develop, which usually takes several weeks. Once roots have developed, the new plant can be separated from the mother plant and transplanted to a new area.
Disease Management
Linociera welwitschii is a hardy plant and is not normally affected by diseases. However, in unfavorable growing conditions, it can be susceptible to fungal and bacterial infections.
Leaf spot is a common fungal disease that appears as small, dark, water-soaked spots on the leaves. They can merge to form larger necrotic patches. Fungicides like copper oxychloride or mancozeb can help control the spread of this disease.
Anthracnose is another fungal disease that affects the plant, which is characterized by circular, sunken, and dark lesions that appear on leaves, stems, and fruits. Removing the affected plant parts and applying fungicides can help manage this disease.
Bacterial wilt is a severe disease that causes plant wilting, yellowing, and death. To prevent its spread, remove infected plants and avoid overwatering.
Pest Management
Linociera welwitschii is also vulnerable to several pests that can cause significant damage to the plant.
Whiteflies are tiny sap-sucking insects that can be controlled with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Pyrethrin-based insecticides can also be used to manage heavy infestations.
Aphids can cause severe damage, and their honeydew excrement attracts ants, leading to the spread of the disease. Insecticidal soap, neem oil, or a strong stream of water can help manage aphids.
Spider mites are common on drought-stressed plants and can cause severe yellowing and browning of leaves, resulting in plant death in severe infestations. A forceful jet of water or insecticidal soap can help remove spider mites.
Thrips are tiny insects that cause leaf curling, discoloration, and distortion. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can help control thrips.
Regularly inspecting the plant and removing infected plant parts can prevent the spread of diseases and pests. Proper watering, adequate fertilization, and good airflow can help keep the plant healthy and less susceptible to disease and pest infestations.
