Overview
Leucas altissima Engl. is an herbaceous plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. This plant is also popularly known as "Yawani" because of its strong aroma. It is native to tropical Asia and can grow up to a height of 35-70 cm.Appearance
The stems of Leucas altissima Engl. are branched and covered with small white hairs. The leaves are simple, opposite, and oblong in shape, measuring 1-8 cm long and 0.5-2 cm wide. The inflorescence is a spike-like structure that emerges from the axils of the upper leaves. The flowers are small and white with purple or pink spots on the lower lip. The fruit is a tiny nutlet that can be dispersed by wind or water.Common Names
Leucas altissima Engl. has many different common names in various languages. In Tamil, it is called "Thumbai" or "Thummi." In Hindi, it is known as "Bhutkot" or "Chhota Konguni." Some other common names include Dwarf Leucas, Google Bush, and White Snapdragon.Uses
Leucas altissima Engl. has several traditional medicinal uses. In Ayurveda, the plant is used as a carminative, expectorant, and diaphoretic. It is also used to treat cough, asthma, and fever. The plant is known to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that make it useful in treating various ailments. Apart from its medicinal properties, the plant is also used as an ornamental plant in gardens. Its attractive flowers and foliage make it an excellent choice for borders and rock gardens. The plant can tolerate a wide range of soil conditions and requires minimum care, making it easy to grow in home gardens. In conclusion, Leucas altissima Engl. is a versatile plant that has many uses. It is an important part of traditional medicine and is also used as an ornamental plant. Its hardy nature and ease of growth make it an excellent choice for home gardens.Light Requirements
Leucas altissima Engl. is a sun-loving plant and requires 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. However, it is tolerant of partial shade conditions, making it suitable for cultivation under tree canopies or in partially shaded areas of the garden.
Temperature Requirements
The plant can grow in a wide range of temperature conditions, but it prefers warm temperatures with average daytime temperatures ranging from 25-35°C and nighttime temperatures between 15-25°C. The minimum temperature for the plant's survival is around 16°C, and it cannot withstand frost or freezing temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Leucas altissima Engl. prefers well-drained soils with a pH ranging from 6.0 to 7.5. The soil must be rich in organic matter that can hold moisture, allowing the plant to thrive. Sandy loam, loamy sand, and sandy clay loam soils are the most suitable for the plant's growth. However, it can still grow well in clay soils with proper drainage.
The soil must be free from rocks, debris, and excess water. Waterlogged soils tend to cause root rot, which can lead to the plant's death. Adding organic matter, such as compost, to the soil before planting can improve its water retention capacity and ensure proper drainage.
Cultivation Methods for Leucas altissima Engl.
Leucas altissima Engl. is a hardy plant that can grow in diverse conditions. It is an annual herb that thrives in warm climates. Cultivate the plant in fertile, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5. The plant prefers full sunlight but can also thrive in partial shade.
Sow seeds in early spring in prepared soil that is free of weeds and debris. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and water regularly until they germinate. The seedlings should emerge within 7 to 14 days.
Watering Needs for Leucas altissima Engl.
Leucas altissima Engl. requires adequate watering to thrive. Water the plant regularly to keep the soil moist, but not waterlogged. Depending on the weather, water the plant every 2 to 3 days. Ensure that the soil dries out slightly before watering the plant again.
During the rainy season, reduce watering to prevent waterlogging, which can cause the plant to rot.
Fertilization for Leucas altissima Engl.
Leucas altissima Engl. thrives in fertile soil. Fertilize the plant during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer. Use a fertilizer that is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Apply the fertilizer every 2 to 3 weeks to ensure the plant has sufficient nutrients to grow and thrive.
During the flowering season, use a fertilizer that is high in potassium to encourage flowering and plant growth. Follow the instructions on the fertilizer packet to avoid overfertilizing the plant.
Pruning for Leucas altissima Engl.
Leucas altissima Engl. requires minimal pruning. However, it is advisable to trim the plant regularly to encourage bushy growth and prevent it from becoming too leggy. Trim the plant back by up to a third of its height after it has finished flowering to promote new growth and enhance its appearance.
Deadheading spent flowers can also encourage the growth of new flowers.
Propagation of Leucas altissima Engl.
Propagation is the process of spreading and reproducing a plant or organism. In the case of Leucas altissima Engl., there are different methods of propagation that can be used, including:
Sowing seeds
Sowing seeds is the most common method of propagating Leucas altissima Engl. Seeds may be collected from the plant or bought commercially. The ideal time for sowing seeds is in early spring or autumn. After collecting seeds, they need to be cleaned and dried. Sowing can be done directly into the soil or seed trays with good quality, well-drained soil. The seeds need to be kept moist until germination, which takes about two weeks.
Root cuttings
Leucas altissima Engl. can also be propagated through root cuttings. Cuttings are taken from the underground root system of the plant. Cuttings must be taken from the rhizome and should be at least 5 cm in length. The cuttings should be allowed to dry for a few hours before planting them in well-drained and moist soil. They should be watered frequently for the first few weeks, and root formation should take place within a few months.
Division
Division is another technique to propagate Leucas altissima Engl. This method involves dividing the root mass into several sections, each with shoots and roots. It is recommended to do the division of the plant in early spring. Careful separation is required to avoid injury to the plant. Each section of the plant should be replanted in well-draining soil, and watering should be done frequently to allow the plant to establish quickly.
Overall, Leucas altissima Engl. is a hardy and easy to propagate plant. Sowing seeds, taking root cuttings or using division are the recommended propagation methods for this species.
Disease and Pest Management for Leucas altissima Engl.
Leucas altissima Engl. is a sturdy, upright plant that can tolerate a range of environmental conditions. However, it is still susceptible to certain diseases and pests that can affect its growth and development. Here are some common issues and their management strategies:
Diseases:
1. Leaf Spot: This fungal disease causes dark spots to appear on the leaves and can lead to defoliation. To manage this disease, remove infected leaves and discard them. Water the plant at the base, avoiding splashing water on leaves. Fungicide treatment may be necessary for severe infections.
2. Root Rot: Overwatering or poorly-draining soil can lead to root rot, a disease that causes the plant to wilt and eventually die. To manage this disease, allow the soil to dry out between waterings, and improve soil drainage. It is also helpful to use a fungicide to control the spread of the disease.
Pests:
1. Aphids: These small, sap-sucking insects can damage the leaves by causing yellowing and distortion. To manage this pest, rinse the leaves with a strong stream of water to dislodge the aphids. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can also be used to control the population.
2. Mealybugs: These small, white insects feed on the sap of the plant and can cause stunted growth. To manage this pest, remove heavily-infested plant parts and discard them. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can also be applied to the plant to control the population.
Overall, keeping the plant healthy through proper watering, fertilization, and pruning can help prevent many diseases and pest problems. Regular monitoring of the plant can also help catch issues before they become too severe to manage.
