Overview
Leucas abyssinica (Benth.) Briq. var. brachycalix (Chiov.) Lanza, also known as Abyssinian Leucas, is a perennial plant native to Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. It is a member of the Lamiaceae or mint family, and it has a multitude of traditional uses.
Common Names
Abyssinian Leucas is known by a variety of common names throughout its native range, including "pyrethrum-leaved leucas," "Nyemet," and "Hulete."
Uses
Leucas abyssinica has a long history of medicinal use by indigenous peoples of East Africa. It has been used to treat a range of illnesses, including respiratory infections, malaria, and digestive issues. The leaves of the plant are often boiled and then inhaled to relieve congestion, while a poultice made from the leaves is applied to the body to treat fever.
Additionally, Abyssinian Leucas has been used as a natural insecticide due to the presence of pyrethrin. Pyrethrin is a neurotoxin that paralyzes and kills insects, and it is commonly used in commercial insect repellents and insecticides.
Appearance
Abyssinian Leucas grows up to 60cm tall and has a bushy habit. The leaves are lanceolate, or sword-shaped, and can grow up to 8cm long. They are hairy and have serrated edges. The flowers are small and white, with purple or pink spots, and are arranged in whorls around the stem. The plant has a strong, minty aroma.
The varietal name "brachycalix" refers to the shorter calyx or the protective covering of the flower, which is a distinguishing feature of this particular variety.
Light Conditions
Leucas abyssinica (Benth.) Briq. var. brachycalix (Chiov.) Lanza prefers full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. The plant can tolerate some shade, but it might hinder its overall growth and flowering capacity.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is well adapted to a tropical climate. It thrives in warm temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F) during the day and slightly cooler temperatures at night. Lower temperatures can cause the plant to become dormant, thereby affecting its growth and flowering.
Soil Requirements
Leucas abyssinica (Benth.) Briq. var. brachycalix (Chiov.) Lanza can grow in a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, or clay soils. However, it prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0 - 7.5) for optimal growth.
Cultivation
The Leucas abyssinica (Benth.) Briq. var. brachycalix (Chiov.) Lanza plant is indigenous to Ethiopia and grows naturally in the grasslands and savannas. It can be cultivated in warm regions and sandy, well-draining soils that are moderately fertile. The plant prefers full sunlight, but it can also adapt to partial shades. The ideal PH range is between 6.0 and 7.5. Planting should be done during the wet season to allow for proper root development.
Watering needs
The Leucas abyssinica (Benth.) Briq. var. brachycalix (Chiov.) Lanza plant requires consistent watering to ensure it remains hydrated. The ideal watering frequency is every two to three days, but this may vary depending on the climate and the soil type. It is advisable to water the plant during the morning or evening to prevent the leaves from burning. Avoid watering the plant during the rainy season or when the soil is still wet.
Fertilization
The Leucas abyssinica (Benth.) Briq. var. brachycalix (Chiov.) Lanza plant requires regular fertilization to stimulate growth and improve its resistance to diseases. Fertilizer application can be done every fortnight during the growing season using commercial fertilizers. You can also use organic compost that is rich in nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus for optimal results.
Pruning
Pruning is necessary to remove dead and dry leaves, branches, and other parts of the plant that hinder growth and development. It is also necessary to maintain the plant's shape and size. Pruning should be done using sterile pruning shears and scissors to avoid injury or contamination. You can do light pruning regularly or heavy pruning once a year.
Propagation of Leucas abyssinica (Benth.) Briq. var. brachycalix (Chiov.) Lanza
Leucas abyssinica (Benth.) Briq. var. brachycalix (Chiov.) Lanza, commonly known as African wild sage or Kit Mikayi in Swahili, is a medicinal plant that belongs to the family Lamiaceae. This plant is native to Africa and is often used in traditional medicine to cure various ailments.
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagating Leucas abyssinica is through seeds. The seeds of this plant are small and black and can be collected from the dried inflorescences. After collecting the seeds, they should be cleaned and stored in a cool, dry place until planting time. To plant the seeds, prepare a seedbed by loosening the soil, and then sprinkle the seeds on the surface. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil, and then water gently. Keep the soil moist until the seeds germinate, which typically takes 10 to 14 days. Once the seedlings have developed two to three true leaves, they can be transplanted to their permanent location.
Cuttings Propagation
Another method of propagating Leucas abyssinica is through stem cuttings. Take cuttings that are about 10 to 15 cm in length from a healthy plant, making sure to cut just below a node. Remove the leaves from the lower two-thirds of the cutting, leaving only a few leaves at the top. Dip the bottom of the cutting in rooting hormone, and then plant it in a pot filled with a well-draining soil mix. Water the cutting thoroughly, and then cover it with a plastic bag to maintain humidity. Place the pot in a bright, warm area, but out of direct sunlight. Check the cutting frequently and monitor the soil moisture level. Once the cutting has rooted and developed new growth, it can be transplanted to its permanent location.
Division Propagation
Leucas abyssinica can also be propagated through division. This method is best suited for mature plants that have developed a clump of stems. To divide the plant, carefully dig it up and separate the clump into smaller sections. Each section should have some roots and stems. Plant the divisions in their permanent location, making sure to water them thoroughly after planting. Keep the soil moist until the plants have established themselves.
Disease and Pest Management for Leucas Abyssinica (Benth.) Briq. var. Brachycalix (Chiov.) Lanza
Leucas abyssinica is considered a hardy and disease-resistant plant. However, certain pests and diseases may still affect the plant under specific conditions.
Pests
The following are some of the common pests that might infest Leucas abyssinica:
- Aphids: These tiny sap-sucking insects may cause stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. Aphids can be controlled by introducing natural predators such as ladybugs or by using organic insecticides.
- Whiteflies: These tiny white insects suck sap and can transmit viruses. They can be controlled by introducing natural predators such as Encarsia formosa or by using organic insecticides.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars may cause extensive damage to leaves, leading to defoliation. They can be controlled by handpicking or by using biological insecticides.
Diseases
Leucas abyssinica is relatively resistant to diseases. However, the following diseases may affect the plant:
- Root Rot: This disease is caused by a fungus that thrives in poorly drained soils. To manage root rot, avoid overwatering and ensure good drainage.
- Leaf Spot: This fungal disease causes circular spots on leaves. To manage leaf spot, remove affected leaves and improve air circulation around the plant.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease causes a white powdery coating on leaves and stems. To manage powdery mildew, improve air circulation and use fungicides if necessary.
It is important to monitor Leucas abyssinica regularly for any signs of pests or diseases. Early detection and management can prevent the spread of pests or diseases and ensure the health of the plant.
