Overview of Leucanthemum maximum
Leucanthemum maximum, commonly known as the Shasta daisy, is an herbaceous perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The plant is native to North America, specifically the Pacific Northwest area, and was introduced to Europe in the 1800s.
Common names of Leucanthemum maximum
The plant is commonly known as the Shasta daisy in reference to the original breeding work that was done on the plant in Shasta County, California. Other common names for Leucanthemum maximum include oxeye daisy and giant daisy.
Appearance of Leucanthemum maximum
Leucanthemum maximum typically grows to a height of 2-3 feet and spreads to a width of 1-2 feet. The plant produces large, showy flowers that are typically white with yellow centers, although there are cultivars that have pink, yellow, or red flowers. The leaves are dark green and elongated, and the stems are sturdy and straight, supporting the large flowers without bending.
Uses of Leucanthemum maximum
Leucanthemum maximum is a popular garden plant due to its showy flowers and ease of maintenance. It is often used in borders, mass plantings, and as a cut flower. The plant is also known to attract pollinators, such as bees and butterflies, to the garden. In addition to its ornamental uses, the plant has also been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including fevers and headaches.
Light Requirements
The Leucanthemum maximum plant prefers full sun to partial shade to thrive. It requires a minimum of six hours of sunlight per day for optimum growth. Inadequate light would result in stunted growth and a decrease in the number of flowers produced.
Temperature Requirements
The daisy prefers moderately cool temperatures, with an optimal range of 64-70°F (18-21°C). The plant cannot withstand extreme heat or cold, as this may inhibit its growth and lead to wilting or death. In regions with hot summers, the daisy should be grown in a shaded area to regulate the temperature.
Soil Requirements
The Leucanthemum maximum plant favors well-draining, moist soil with a pH range of 6 to 7.5 for optimal growth. The soil should be rich in organic matter and nutrients. The soil's texture should be loamy with minimal clay content to avoid waterlogged soil. The plant is susceptible to root rot, so care must be taken not to overwater.
Cultivation Methods
Leucanthemum maximum or Shasta daisy is a perennial plant that requires full sun and well-drained soil to grow. The ideal pH range of the soil for this plant is between 6.0 to 7.5. Therefore, before planting, prepare the soil by adding organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure. Dig holes 18-24 inches apart and plant the seedlings at the same depth as they were in their original containers. Water thoroughly after planting and keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
Watering Needs
Shasta daisy needs to be watered regularly, especially during dry spells. It is recommended to water deeply once a week rather than shallowly every day. When watering, make sure to soak the soil around the plant's root zone, which is typically 6-8 inches deep. Avoid getting water on the plant's foliage as this can increase the risk of fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Shasta daisy is a light feeder, and too much fertilizer can damage the plant. Therefore, fertilization is only necessary once or twice a year. You can apply a slow-release granular fertilizer around the plant's base in early spring or mid-summer. Alternatively, you can use a liquid fertilizer, which you can apply every two to three weeks during the growing season.
Pruning
Pruning Shasta daisy can help promote bushier growth and extend the blooming period. Cut the plant back to half its height after the first wave of flowers has faded. This will encourage side shoots to grow, resulting in more blooms. Deadheading spent flowers also helps to promote additional blossoms.
Propagation of Leucanthemum Maximum
Leucanthemum maximum, commonly known as Shasta daisy, is a beautiful herbaceous perennial plant that grows up to 3 feet tall.
Propagation by Division
One of the easiest and most common ways to propagate Leucanthemum maximum is through division. The best time to divide the plant is in early spring, just when new growth starts to appear. Dig up the entire plant and use a knife or spade to separate it into smaller sections, ensuring each section has a good portion of roots. Replant the divisions in a well-draining soil mix and water thoroughly.
Propagation by Seeds
Leucanthemum maximum can also be propagated by seeds. Collect the seeds from the spent flowers and store them in a cool, dry place until spring. Sow the seeds in a seed-raising tray filled with seed-raising mix. Cover lightly with soil, water well, and place in a bright spot out of direct sunlight. Once the seedlings have grown to around 2 inches tall, transplant them into individual pots before moving them outdoors.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagating Leucanthemum maximum by cuttings can be a bit more challenging because the plant does not root easily. However, it is still an option. Take cuttings from new growth in late spring or early summer, making sure they have at least one leaf node. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone powder and plant it in soil mix that is moist but well-drained. Cover the cutting with a plastic bag to create humidity, and place it in a bright, non-direct sunlight area. It may take a few weeks for the cuttings to root, but once they do, they can be planted outdoors.
Disease and Pest Management for Leucanthemum Maximum
Leucanthemum maximum, also known as the Shasta daisy, is a relatively low maintenance plant. However, it is still susceptible to diseases and pests which can ultimately result in plant death or damage if left untreated. Here are some common diseases and pests that may affect your Leucanthemum maximum and how to manage them:
Diseases
Powdery Mildew: This is a fungal disease that causes powdery, white spots on the leaves and stems. It thrives in humid conditions and can be treated with sulfur sprays or horticultural oils. Remove and destroy any infected plant material promptly to prevent the spread of the disease.
Septoria Leaf Spot: This is a fungal disease that causes brown spots with gray centers on the leaves. Infected leaves can be removed and destroyed. Fungicides can also be used to manage the disease, but prevention is the best cure. Water the plant at the base and avoid wetting the foliage.
Pests
Spider Mites: These tiny pests can be identified by the webbing they produce on the leaves. They cause discoloration and damage to the leaves, which can ultimately lead to plant death. Spider mites can be treated with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Keep the plant well-watered and avoid letting it dry out.
Slugs and Snails: These pests can be identified by the damage they do to the leaves and stems of the plant. They can be controlled with bait or a copper barrier. Handpicking is also effective but might not be practical for large infestations.
By being vigilant and regularly inspecting your Leucanthemum maximum for these diseases and pests, you can ensure it remains healthy and beautiful year-round. Remember to always follow the instructions on any pest control product for the best results.
