Overview
Leucanthemum integrifolium (Richards.) DC. is a perennial plant species belonging to the family Asteraceae, commonly known as the white flowering plant. This plant species is native to North America. It is commonly found in dry, sandy or rocky soils, and prairies, plains, and grasslands.
Description
Leucanthemum integrifolium is a beautiful plant that grows up to a height of one to two feet. It is very similar in appearance to its relative, the Shasta daisy. Its leaves are smooth, long, narrow, and undivided, measuring about 3-6 inches long and 1 inch wide. The plant produces showy large white flower heads that consist of up to 20 daisy-like flowers, which measure between 1-2 inches wide with yellow centers.
Common Names
The Leucanthemum integrifolium is commonly known as wholeleaf daisy, prairie white-fringed daisy, and simply white daisy.
Uses
Leucanthemum integrifolium has a variety of uses. Native American tribes consider the plant a medicinal herb. They used the plant to treat various ailments, such as eye and stomach problems, coughs, and colds. The roots of the plant were also used to relieve pain in childbirth. Today, the plant is commonly grown in gardens, parks, and landscapes for its beauty and attractive flowers. It is also a valuable plant for attracting pollinators, such as bees and butterflies, and as a cut flower.
Light Requirements
Leucanthemum integrifolium is known to thrive well in areas that receive full sunlight exposure. The plant requires a minimum of six hours of direct sunlight to produce sufficient energy for growth. In regions that experience hot summers, partial shade during the hottest hours of the day is beneficial. Therefore, the plant requires sunlight exposure to grow and flourish.
Soil Requirements
The optimal soil conditions for Leucanthemum integrifolium are well-drained and fertile soils. The plant can grow in different soil textures, including sandy, loamy, and clayey soils. However, it prefers loamy soils that retain sufficient moisture for the plants to utilize. The soil pH should range between slightly acidic and neutral pH (6.0-7.5) to enhance adequate nutrient uptake and protect the plants from soil-borne diseases.
Water Requirements
The plant requires moderate watering to thrive. The best practice is to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which can harm the plants. Therefore, it is essential to allow the top 1-2 inches of the soil to dry out between watering sessions. During the hot summer months, the plant may require frequent watering to keep the soil moist.
Temperature Requirements
Leucanthemum integrifolium thrives best in warm temperatures. The ideal temperature range is between 18°C and 28°C. The plant can tolerate occasional temperature drops to about 5°C during the winter months. Extreme heat and frost can damage the plant. In regions with cold winters, it is necessary to protect the plant from the cold by covering it with a frost cloth.
Cultivation of Leucanthemum Integrifolium
Leucanthemum integrifolium, commonly known as Wholeleaf Pincushion or White Daisy, is an easy-to-grow herbaceous plant that is indigenous to North America and can grow up to 2 feet in height and spread up to 1.5 feet in width. This low-maintenance plant thrives in full sun to partial shade and adapts well in various types of soil, including sandy and clay soils but prefers well-draining soils. It is drought-tolerant and can tolerate moderate foot traffic, making it a preferred choice for rock gardens, border edges, and ground covers.
Watering Needs of Leucanthemum Integrifolium
Leucanthemum integrifolium requires regular watering during the growing season, especially in areas with poor soil or high temperatures. Although it is drought-tolerant, it needs consistent moisture to bloom profusely. Watering should be done deeply and infrequently to encourage strong root growth. Overwatering can cause root rot and other diseases, so it's important to avoid watering too frequently. During the winter season, watering should be reduced to prevent waterlogging.
Fertilization of Leucanthemum Integrifolium
Leucanthemum integrifolium, being a low maintenance plant, does not require too much fertilizer. However, adding a little organic fertilizer in the spring or early summer can help stimulate healthy growth and abundant flowering. Use a slow-release fertilizer or add compost or well-rotted manure to the soil around the plant to provide the required nutrients. It's recommended to avoid the use of chemical fertilizers as they may harm the beneficial microorganisms in the soil.
Pruning of Leucanthemum Integrifolium
Leucanthemum integrifolium requires minimal pruning as it has a natural bushy, compact growth habit. However, it's recommended to deadhead regularly to encourage continuous blooming. You can deadhead the plant by removing the spent flowers by pinching them or cutting them off with a garden shear. Pruning should be done in the early spring before the new growth starts to maintain the plant's shape and neat appearance.
Propagation of Leucanthemum integrifolium
Leucanthemum integrifolium is a perennial herbaceous plant that can grow up to 16 inches in height. This plant is native to North America and is commonly known as the pure-leaf or entire-leaf white-topped aster. Propagation of Leucanthemum integrifolium can be done through various methods:
Seed Propagation
One of the most common ways to propagate this plant is through seeds. Seeds should be sown in late fall or early spring. Prepare the soil, ensuring it is moist and fertile, and then sow the seeds on the surface. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and water them gently. Seeds will take about three weeks to germinate.
Division
Leucanthemum integrifolium can also be propagated through division. This method is best done in the spring or fall. Dig up the plant and carefully separate the roots into smaller clumps. Replant the clumps into prepared soil. Make sure to water the new plants well after transplanting them.
Cuttings
Propagation through cuttings is also possible but not commonly practiced. Take cuttings from young and healthy plants in late spring or early summer. Cut a shoot that is at least 4 inches long and remove the lower leaves. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant in a pot filled with a well-draining soil mix. Keep the soil moist and place the pot in a shaded area. New roots should start to grow in about 4-6 weeks. Transplant into the garden once established.
Disease and Pest Management for Leucanthemum Integrifolium (Richards.) DC.
Leucanthemum Integrifolium, commonly known as White Daisy, is a perennial plant species that is widespread across North America. While it is generally a hardy plant that requires minimal care, there are some common diseases and pests that can affect it. Here are some disease and pest management tips to help keep your White Daisy plants healthy:
Common Diseases
White Daisy plants are susceptible to several fungal diseases. Powdery mildew is one of the most common and can cause a white powdery coating on the leaves, flowers, and stems. Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, can cause the plant to wilt and develop brown spots on its leaves. Leaf spot diseases, such as Septoria leaf spot, can cause larger brown spots with yellow halos to form on the leaves.
Pest Management
Whiteflies, spider mites, and aphids are common pests that can attack White Daisies. These insects pierce the plant's leaves and suck out its juices, weakening the plant and causing it to wilt. They can also transmit viruses to the plant. To manage these pests, practice good garden hygiene by removing any fallen leaves, flowers, or plant debris from around the plant. Keeping the plant healthy and well-watered can also help prevent infestations. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can be used to control infestations if they occur.
Disease Management
To manage fungal diseases like powdery mildew, make sure to space the plants out to improve air circulation around them. Watering the plants at ground level, instead of from above, can also help prevent the growth of fungus spores on the leaves. If an infection does occur, remove any infected leaves, flowers, or stems and dispose of them. Fungicides that contain copper or sulfur can be applied to the plant to help prevent the spread of fungal diseases, but should be used sparingly and according to the instructions on the label.
By following these disease and pest management tips, you can help keep your White Daisy plants strong and healthy. This will ensure that they continue to provide you with beautiful blooms for years to come.
