Lessertia pubescens (Thunb.) DC.
Lessertia pubescens, commonly known as the hairy Cancer Bush, is a small shrub that belongs to the Fabaceae family. The plant is native to southern Africa and is distributed in the Western Cape, Northern Cape, and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa.
General Appearance
The hairy Cancer Bush is a perennial shrub that can grow up to 1.5m tall and 2m wide. The plant has a woody stem and is covered in fine hairs, which gives it a velvety appearance. The leaves are green-grey and have a hairy texture. The hairy Cancer Bush produces small yellow flowers that are about 8mm in diameter. The flowers are produced in clusters and are followed by small, hairy, and curvy seed pods.
Uses
The hairy Cancer Bush has been traditionally used in South African traditional medicine for treating various ailments. The leaves and stem of the plant are used to make a decoction that is used to treat cancer, tuberculosis, and venereal diseases. The decoction is also used as a general tonic to boost the immune system. The plant is rich in rotenoids, which are potent anti-cancer agents.
In addition to its medicinal properties, the plant is also used for erosion control and as a fodder crop for livestock. The hairy Cancer Bush is a hardy plant that can tolerate drought, making it an ideal plant for arid areas.
Conclusion
The hairy Cancer Bush is a versatile plant that is valued for its medicinal properties, erosion control, and as a fodder crop. The plant's unique appearance, with its velvety and hairy texture, makes it an attractive addition to any garden. However, it is important to note that the plant is not without its risks, as it contains chemicals that can be toxic when ingested in large quantities.
Light
Lessertia pubescens, commonly known as "Mountain cancer bush," is a sun-loving plant and requires full sunlight exposure for its growth and development. It can tolerate partial shade but thrives in a sunny location, where it can receive ample sunlight for at least six hours a day.
Temperature
The plant Lessertia pubescens has adapted to grow in various temperature conditions, but it grows best in warm and hot temperatures. It can tolerate temperatures ranging from 0°C to 40°C, but temperatures between 20°C to 30°C are ideal. Generally, in the winter season, the plant goes dormant, and its growth slows down as the temperature drops, but it regenerates with the arrival of spring.
Soil Requirements
Lessertia pubescens is a hardy plant that can grow in a wide range of soils. It prefers well-drained, sandy soils that are slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.8 - 7.2). The plant can grow in nutrient-deficient soils but thrives in soils enriched with organic matter. The mountain cancer bush can survive in soils that are shallow, rocky, and have poor fertility. It is commonly found growing in soils that are low in nutrients and are drought-prone. Regular application of fertilizers is not necessary for its growth and development, but it does benefit from a light application of compost annually.
Cultivation Methods
Lessertia pubescens, also known as the African potato, is a plant that thrives in warm, dry, and sunny conditions. It is best suited for cultivation in areas with well-draining soils and in full sunlight. The plant can be propagated from seeds, stem cuttings, and tubers.
Watering Needs
Proper watering is essential for Lessertia pubescens. During the growing season, the plant requires regular watering to keep the soil moist. However, overwatering should be avoided as it can cause root rot. During the dormant period, the frequency of watering should be reduced to prevent waterlogging, which can cause the tubers to rot.
Fertilization
Proper fertilization is necessary for healthy growth and a good harvest. A balanced fertilizer with a higher potassium content is recommended. Organic fertilizers such as cow manure and compost are also good options. Fertilizer application should be done after the plant has established and should be done in moderate quantities to prevent burning the plant.
Pruning
Lessertia pubescens does not require regular pruning. However, as the plant grows, some stems may need to be cut back to maintain the desired shape and to remove any dead or diseased foliage. Pruning can also encourage the plant to produce more tubers.
Propagation of Lessertia pubescens (Thunb.) DC.
Lessertia pubescens (Thunb.) DC., commonly known as "Mountain Cancer Bush," is a medicinal plant with various pharmacological properties. Propagation is necessary for the sustainable production and conservation of the plant population. There are several methods of propagating Lessertia pubescens, including:
Seed propagation
The propagation of Lessertia pubescens through seed is the most common method. It is advisable to procure seeds from approved sources and ensure that the seedbed is free-draining to prevent rotting of the seed. Sowing should be done during early spring in a well-prepared seedbed that has been enriched with compost. Germination typically occurs within two to four weeks. The seedlings should be fertilized regularly with a balanced fertilizer, and weeding should be done frequently.
Stem Cuttings propagation
Lessertia pubescens can also be propagated using stem cuttings. The cuttings should be taken from the current season's growth, and the basal leaves removed. The cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a well-draining rooting medium. The cutting should be kept moist, and the rooting medium should be sterilized to prevent disease and fungal infections. The cutting will take root in two to four weeks and should be transplanted into a well-prepared growing medium after two to three months.
Division propagation
Division propagation of Lessertia pubescens is done by separating the plant's rhizomes and replanting them in well-prepared soil. The rhizomes should be healthy and disease-free. Division should be done during the plant's dormant period, and the shoots should be removed to reduce transplant shock. The transplanted rhizomes should be kept moist and shaded. The plant will begin to grow within two to four weeks after transplanting.
Disease and Pest Management for Lessertia pubescens (Thunb.) DC.
Like any plant, Lessertia pubescens (Thunb.) DC. is not exempted from various diseases and pests. As an herbaceous perennial plant commonly found in South Africa, here are some common disease and pest management practices that can be done to keep this plant healthy:
Common Diseases
1. Powdery Mildew: This is a common fungal disease that causes a white powdery growth on the leaves. To manage this disease, it is essential to ensure that the plant is grown in good environmental conditions, such as providing a well-draining soil, adequate moisture, and good air circulation. Applying a fungicide, such as neem oil or copper fungicides, can also help control the spread of powdery mildew.
2. Leaf Spot: This disease is characterized by the presence of brown, black, or darkened spots on the foliage of the plant. To manage this disease, it is important to ensure proper sanitation practices, such as removing and disposing of fallen leaves and avoiding excessive moisture on the foliage during watering. Applying a fungicide can also help manage the spread of the disease.
Common Pests
1. Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects suck the sap from the leaves and stems of the plant, causing curling and distortion of the leaves. To manage this pest, spraying the plant with a strong jet of water or using insecticidal soap can be helpful. Alternatively, introducing natural predators, such as ladybugs or lacewings, can also help control aphid populations.
2. Spider Mites: These tiny arachnids can be identified by small webs on the plant and yellowing or browning of the leaves. To manage spider mites, ensuring the plant is in a dry environment and using miticidal soap or neem oil can be helpful. Additionally, introducing natural predators, such as predatory mites or thrips, can help control spider mite populations effectively.
Regular monitoring of Lessertia pubescens (Thunb.) DC. can help identify any potential pest or disease problems early on. Taking preventative measures and implementing the appropriate management practices as soon as any issues are identified will help keep this plant healthy and thriving.
