Overview of Lespedeza striata
Lespedeza striata, also known by its common name, Japanese clover, is a flowering plant belonging to the Fabaceae or pea family. The plant is native to eastern Asia, particularly Japan, Korea, and China. It was introduced to Europe and North America as an ornamental plant and for erosion control. It is now widely naturalized in these areas, particularly in North America.
Appearance of Lespedeza striata
The Japanese clover is a low-growing, perennial plant that thrives in well-drained soils, such as sandy, loamy, or gravelly soils. It grows up to 60 cm tall and spreads easily, forming thick mats that can choke out other plants. The plant has narrow, hairy stems that bear small, three-parted leaves. It produces clusters of small, pink or purple flowers that bloom from summer to early fall. The flowers are followed by flat, hairy seed pods that contain black seeds.
Uses of Lespedeza striata
Lespedeza striata has various uses. It is prized by gardeners for its low maintenance and ornamental value, as it produces dense mats of color in late summer and early fall. It is also used for erosion control, as the plant spreads rapidly and forms a dense mat that can stabilize soils. In Asia, the leaves are used in traditional medicine for treating various ailments, including inflammation, ulcers, and fever. The plant is also used for forage and hay for livestock, particularly in the southern United States.
Despite its usefulness, Lespedeza striata can also be invasive in some areas, particularly in open fields, disturbed areas, and along roadsides. It can outcompete and displace native plant species, leading to a loss of biodiversity. Therefore, caution should be taken when introducing the plant into new areas, and it should be properly managed to prevent its spread.
Light Requirements
Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook. & Arn. requires full sunlight to grow and thrive. It needs at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth. When grown in the shade, the plant may become leggy and may not produce enough flowers or seeds.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is hardy and can grow in USDA Hardiness Zones 5 to 9, which means it can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. The optimal temperature for growth is between 60°F to 80°F (15°C to 27°C). The plant can tolerate temperatures as low as -20°F (-29°C) and as high as 100°F (38°C).
Soil Requirements
Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook. & Arn. prefers well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH level. The plant can grow in a variety of soil types, including loamy, sandy, and clayey soils. It is tolerant of drought and can grow in soils with low fertility levels. However, it does not tolerate waterlogged or poorly drained soils.
Cultivation Methods of Lespedeza striata
Lespedeza striata, also known as Japanese clover, is a low-growing perennial plant that prefers full to partial sunlight and well-drained soil. It can adapt to various soil types, including loam, sand, and clay.
For cultivation, it is best to sow seeds in the fall or early spring, when the soil temperature is between 15°C to 20°C. The seeds can be broadcasted over the prepared soil, which should be free of weeds and large rocks. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and water gently.
Once the seeds have germinated, thin out the seedlings with a spacing of about 10 to 30 cm apart, depending on the variety. Water the seedlings regularly until they are well established.
Watering Needs of Lespedeza striata
Lespedeza striata requires moderate watering, especially during the hot and dry summer months. Water the plants once or twice a week, depending on the weather conditions and soil type. Ensure that the soil is moist to a depth of about 5 cm. It is important not to overwater the plants, as this can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
During the winter months, reduce the watering frequency, as the plant is dormant and does not require much water. However, ensure that the soil does not completely dry out.
Fertilization of Lespedeza striata
Lespedeza striata is a nitrogen-fixing plant, which means that it can produce its nitrogen from the atmosphere. However, to enhance the growth and vigor of the plant, it is recommended to add organic matter to the soil, such as compost or well-decomposed manure.
Apply the organic matter to the soil during the fall or winter months, preferably before planting the seeds. You can also supplement the soil with a balanced fertilizer that contains equal parts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the spring.
Pruning of Lespedeza striata
Lespedeza striata requires minimal pruning. However, to maintain a thick and healthy growth, it is recommended to trim the plant back to about 5 to 10 cm in early spring before new growth begins.
You can also deadhead the flowers as they fade to prevent the plant from self-seeding and becoming invasive. If the plant is growing too vigorously and spreading into unwanted areas, you may need to trim it back to limit its growth.
Propagation of Lespedeza striata
Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook. & Arn., commonly known as Japanese clover or trailing lespedeza, is a deciduous perennial plant with trailing stems that can be propagated by several methods:
Seed Propagation
The primary method of propagating Lespedeza striata is through seed propagation. The seeds are small, and their germination can be enhanced by scarification or soaking them in warm water for 24 hours before planting. The seeds should be sown in well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. The best time to plant the seeds is in the fall, which allows the plant to establish itself before experiencing the heat of summer. The seedlings require constant moisture until they are well established.
Division
Lespedeza striata can also be propagated through division. The best time to divide the plant is in early spring when new growth is just starting to emerge. It is recommended that the plant is divided every two to three years to maintain its vigor. The roots should be lifted carefully to avoid damaging them, and the plant should be divided into sections with a sharp knife or shovel. Each section should have at least one stem and some roots. The divided sections should be replanted into soil that has been mixed with compost or other organic matter to promote growth.
Cuttings
Lespedeza striata can also be propagated by taking stem cuttings. The best time to take cuttings is in late spring or early summer when the plant is in bloom. The cuttings should be taken from the newer, more vigorous stems and should be around 5-6 inches long. Cuttings should be taken from the nodes of the plant and should be free of leaves for the first few inches from the bottom. The cuttings should be placed in a well-draining rooting medium and kept moist until they have rooted. It may take several weeks for the cuttings to root, and once they do, they can be transplanted into individual containers or directly into the garden.
Disease management
Lespedeza striata is generally resistant to pests and diseases. However, there are a few diseases that can affect the plant.
Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes sunken lesions on the stem and leaves. Eventually, the affected area turns brown and dies. To manage anthracnose, remove and destroy infected plant parts and use a fungicide if necessary.
Root Rot: Lespedeza striata is susceptible to root rot caused by soil-borne fungi. The infected plant usually exhibits stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage root rot, avoid overwatering. Additionally, make sure that the soil has adequate drainage.
Powdery mildew: This fungal disease affects the leaves of the plant, causing them to look dusty or covered with powder. It can inhibit growth and cause leaves to fall. To manage powdery mildew, ensure proper air circulation around the plant, prune infected leaves and use fungicides if necessary.
Pest management
Lespedeza striata is rarely attacked by pests. However, there are a few pests that can attack the plant.
Aphids: These sap-sucking insects can cause stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soaps or neem oil.
Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny, sucking pests that can cause yellowing of leaves and webbing on the plant. To manage spider mites, hose down the plant regularly or use insecticidal soaps.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars like the fall armyworm can consume foliage, causing the plant to exhibit stunted growth and reduced yields. To manage caterpillars, use Bacillus thuringiensis or spinosad-based insecticides.
