Overview
Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem., commonly known as hairy lespedeza or tall lespedeza, is a species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae. It is native to North America and can be found in most of the eastern and central United States.
Description
Lespedeza hirta is a perennial herbaceous plant that can grow up to 3 feet in height. The stem is erect and unbranched, and it is covered in small, stiff hairs. The leaves are alternate, trifoliate, and hairy on both sides. The leaflets are up to 2 inches long and 1 inch wide, with a pointed tip and smooth or toothed edges. The flowers are pink-purple, pea-like, and arranged in terminal clusters. The fruit is a hairy and flattened pod that contains 1-2 seeds.
Uses
Lespedeza hirta has been used in traditional medicine to treat fever, coughs, and urinary problems. The plant is also used for erosion control, soil improvement, and as a forage crop for livestock. Hairy lespedeza has a high protein content and can survive drought conditions, making it a valuable source of food for grazing animals.
In addition, Lespedeza hirta is used as an ornamental plant due to its attractive pink-purple flowers and ability to attract pollinators like bees and butterflies.
Cultivation
Lespedeza hirta is easy to grow and can tolerate a range of soil types and pH levels. The plant prefers full sun and well-drained soil, but it can also grow in partial shade. It can be propagated by seed or by division of established clumps.
Hairy lespedeza can be invasive in some areas, so it is recommended to check with local authorities before planting this species.
Light Requirements
Lespedeza hirta is a plant that thrives in full sun. It is not recommended to grow in partial shaded areas as it may negatively affect its growth and flowering ability.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers a warm climate but can still survive in colder temperatures. It is suitable for growing in USDA hardiness zones 5-8. Lespedeza hirta can withstand temperatures up to -15°C and prefers temperatures between 20°C-30°C.
Soil Requirements
Lespedeza hirta prefers well-draining soils with a pH range of 6.5-7.5. It can grow in a variety of soil types such as loam, clay loam, and sandy loam soils. The plant is tolerant of both acidic and moderately alkaline soils. It is essential to avoid waterlogging as it may lead to root rot.
Cultivation Methods
Lespedeza hirta, commonly known as hairy lespedeza, is a perennial herb that prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It grows naturally in open fields, meadows, and along roadsides. To grow Lespedeza hirta, one should prepare the soil by removing any weeds or debris and tilling it to a depth of 6 to 8 inches. The plant can be propagated by seeds or cuttings, which should be planted in the early spring or fall.
Watering Needs
Lespedeza hirta requires moderate watering, with the soil being allowed to dry out slightly between irrigations. Overwatering should be avoided, as it can lead to root rot and other diseases. The plant is drought-tolerant, and excessive moisture can cause the plant to become leggy and weak.
Fertilization
Lespedeza hirta benefits from the application of a balanced fertilizer in the spring, just before new growth begins. A slow-release fertilizer can be used, with a ratio of 10-10-10 or 12-12-12. It is essential to avoid over-fertilization, as this can lead to excessive vegetative growth and reduced flowering.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Lespedeza hirta, but it can help to promote a more compact and bushy appearance. The plant can be lightly trimmed in the late fall or early spring to remove dead or damaged growth and shape the plant. It is also recommended to pinch back the tips of new growth in the early summer to promote branching and increase flowering.
Propagation of Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem.
Lespedeza hirta, commonly known as hairy lespedeza, is a hardy and robust plant that belongs to the legume family, Fabaceae. It is planted across North America as a forage crop, green manure, and wildlife food source. It can easily establish in almost any well-drained soil, including the rocky slopes and soils that are poor and sandy.
1. Propagation by seed
The most common way of propagating hairy lespedeza is through the use of seeds. The plant produces abundant seeds that can be easily collected and sown in the soil. The seeds can be collected either manually or with the help of a combine harvester after the plant has matured fully. It is important to keep in mind that the seeds of hairy lespedeza require a cold treatment or stratification before they can germinate effectively. Thus, the seeds need to be stored in a cool and dry place for some time before they are sown.
2. Propagation by cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is another possible method for breeding hairy lespedeza, but only a few success stories have been reported. The cuttings of hairy lespedeza can be planted in a rooting hormone, and the cuttings will then start to root. This method should be attempted under controlled conditions, and it is not effective on a large scale.
3. Propagation by division
Propagation by division is another possible alternative for reproducing hairy lespedeza. Although it is not a widely recommended method, it can be attempted in cases where the plant has grown significantly and is in need of division. The plant can be carefully divided into smaller clumps, and each clump can then be planted in a suitable area.
Disease and Pest Management of Lespedeza hirta Plants
Although Lespedeza hirta plants are generally healthy and disease-resistant, there are a few diseases and pests that can affect them. Here are some of the most common problems and how to manage them:
Diseases
Anthracnose: This fungal disease can cause leaf spots, stem cankers, and defoliation. To manage anthracnose, remove and destroy all infected plant debris and avoid overhead watering.
Root rot: Caused by several soil-borne fungi, root rot can cause wilting, yellowing, and stunted growth. Improve soil drainage and avoid overwatering to prevent root rot. Remove infected plants and avoid planting susceptible plants in the same area.
Powdery mildew: This fungal disease causes a powdery white coating on leaves. To manage powdery mildew, avoid overhead watering, improve air circulation around plants, and remove and destroy infected plant parts.
Pests
Spider mites: These tiny pests can seriously damage Lespedeza hirta plants by sucking the sap from leaves, causing them to turn yellow and drop. To control spider mites, spray plants with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil, and remove severely infested leaves.
Leafhoppers: These small, winged insects can cause stippling and yellowing of leaves, as well as stunted growth. To control leafhoppers, use insecticidal soap or neem oil, and keep plants healthy and well-watered.
Japanese beetles: These shiny, green beetles can feed on the leaves and flowers of Lespedeza hirta plants, causing severe damage. To control Japanese beetles, handpick them off plants early in the morning when they are sluggish, or use a beetle trap.
By following these disease and pest management guidelines, you can keep your Lespedeza hirta plants healthy and productive.
