Origin and Common Names
Lecidella enteroleucella (Nyl.) Hertel is a crustose lichen that belongs to the family Lecanoraceae. It is commonly known as the "rimmed specklebelly lichen" or "granular rim lichen." This species is native to Europe, but it can also be found in South America, North America, and Asia.
Appearance
The thallus of Lecidella enteroleucella is crustose and grayish-white. Its granular and areolate surface is dotted with black apothecia, which are surrounded by a white "rim." The apothecia are less than 1mm in diameter and may sometimes be absent. The margins of the thallus are usually indistinct, making its overall shape variable. This species grows on mineral substrates such as rocks, rooftops, or old walls.
Uses
Lecidella enteroleucella is used in lichenometry, which is the method of using lichen growth to estimate the age of exposed substrates such as rock surfaces. Because lichens grow very slowly, their size can be related to the length of time they have been exposed. Scientists can use measurements of Lecidella enteroleucella to estimate the age of stone monuments or geological formations.
Light Requirements
Lecidella enteroleucella is an obligately saxicolous species, which means it grows exclusively on rocks. Therefore, the amount and quality of light it receives is critical for its growth and survival. This species prefers bright light but cannot tolerate direct sunlight. In nature, it grows in areas that are shaded by other rocks or plants.
Temperature Requirements
Lecidella enteroleucella grows best in temperate climates and can tolerate a range of temperatures. In general, it grows well in temperatures between 10-25°C, but it can also survive in temperatures up to 30°C. It is important to note that extreme temperatures can be detrimental to the growth and survival of this species, especially during the hot and dry summer months.
Soil Requirements
Since Lecidella enteroleucella grows exclusively on rocks, it does not require soil for its growth. However, the type and characteristics of the rocks on which it grows can have an impact on its growth and survival. It prefers to grow on acidic rocks such as granites, gneisses, and schists. It cannot tolerate alkaline rocks or concrete surfaces. It is also important that the rocks have cracks or crevices where it can attach itself and establish a foothold.
Cultivation
Lecidella enteroleucella is a lichen and does not require typical cultivation methods. However, it tends to grow on bark, so it is essential to choose a suitable host tree or wood surface. The ideal placement is in a shady area, as direct sunlight can be harmful to the lichen.
Watering Needs
Since it is not a plant, the watering needs of Lecidella enteroleucella are minimal. Natural rainfall and humidity are generally sufficient for the lichen's growth and survival. In areas with extended drought periods, it may be necessary to provide occasional misting with clean water.
Fertilization
Lichens are unique organisms that do not require any fertilizer. They obtain all necessary nutrients from the surrounding environment. It is crucial to avoid any chemical fertilizers or pesticides, as they can harm or even kill the lichen.
Pruning
There is no need to prune Lecidella enteroleucella since it is a lichen that grows naturally on its host surface. However, removing any nearby plants or trees that may be blocking sunlight can help promote healthy growth of the lichen.
Propagation of Lecidella enteroleucella
Lecidella enteroleucella is a species of lichen with a crustose thallus. The reproductive structures, called apothecia, produce spores which can be used for propagation.
Method 1: Airborne Spores
The spores of Lecidella enteroleucella are very small and lightweight. Under favorable conditions, they can be dispersed by wind currents and settle on suitable substrates to form new colonies of lichens. This method of propagation requires little effort and can occur naturally in the environment.
Method 2: Vegetative Propagation
Another method of propagating Lecidella enteroleucella is through vegetative propagation. This method involves taking a section of the thallus, which contains both the fungal and algal components of the lichen, and placing it onto a suitable substrate. Over time, the thallus will establish itself and begin to grow, forming a new colony of lichen.
Method 3: Laboratory Propagation
In certain situations, such as when attempting to reintroduce lichens to areas where they have been previously extirpated, laboratory propagation may be necessary. This involves culturing the spores or thallus of Lecidella enteroleucella under controlled conditions in a laboratory environment. The resulting lichens can then be used for reintroduction efforts.
Disease Management for Lecidella enteroleucella
Lecidella enteroleucella, or the whitewash dwarf lichen, is remarkably resistant to disease. One possible issue that can occur is the development of necrosis on the thallus, which may be caused by various environmental factors such as heavy metal pollution or acid rain. The best way to avoid this problem is to maintain a suitable habitat for the plant.
Pest Management for Lecidella enteroleucella
Pests are not usually a significant issue for Lecidella enteroleucella. However, occasional infestations by scale insects may occur. These sap-sucking pests can cause significant damage to the plant, leading to poor growth and death. Manual removal of scales is recommended, as well as the use of insecticidal soap sprays to control infestations.
