Overview: Lecanora Sambuci (Pers.) Nyl.
Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl. is a species of lichen that belongs to the Parmeliaceae family. It is widely distributed throughout Europe and North America, mainly found growing on the bark of deciduous trees such as elder trees (Sambucus nigra).
Common Names:
Lecanora sambuci is commonly known as elderberry lichen, elderflower lichen, or sambucal lichen.
Appearance:
Lecanora sambuci appears as a dull gray or greenish-gray crustose lichen that forms small, flattened, and roundish patches on the bark of trees. The patches can grow up to 5 cm in diameter and tend to form in clusters. Its thallus contains soredia, which are small particles that can grow into new lichen.
The apothecia, which are the reproductive structures of the lichen, are dark brown to blackish, and rounded with a flattened top. The brown color is due to the presence of melanin, which protects the lichen from UV radiation.
Uses:
Lecanora sambuci was traditionally used in medicine as an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent. The lichen contains compounds such as usnic acid, which has been shown to have antibiotic and antiviral properties. Today, Lecanora sambuci is still used in natural remedies for coughs, bronchitis, and sore throats.
Additionally, Lecanora sambuci is sensitive to air quality and has been used as a bioindicator of air pollution. The presence of Lecanora sambuci can indicate clean air, whereas a lack of this lichen may suggest poor air quality.
Light Requirements
Lecanora sambuci grows best in environments with moderate to high levels of light. It can tolerate shady conditions but will not thrive. The plant requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight a day to grow well.
Temperature Requirements
Lecanora sambuci is a hardy cold-tolerant plant that can grow in a wide range of temperatures. It grows best in cooler temperatures ranging from 12 to 18°C. However, it can withstand hot temperatures of up to 27°C as long as it is provided with adequate moisture.
Soil Requirements
The preferred soil type for Lecanora sambuci is well-draining soil that is slightly acidic with a pH of 6.5 to 7.0. The plant can also grow in rocky soils and is often found growing on rocks or boulders. It requires adequate moisture to grow and prefers soils that are moderately moist. Overly wet soil can lead to root rot and kill the plant.
Cultivation Methods for Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl.
Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl., commonly known as elderberry lichen, grows in various habitats where its specific needs are met. The lichen can be propagated both sexually and asexually. Vegetative propagation can be achieved by fragmentation of the thallus or using small pieces of the lichen to grow new ones. Sexual reproduction occurs through spore dispersal from the fruiting bodies. As an epiphytic organism, Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl. should be grown on living or dead vegetative substrates such as rocks, bark, and wood.
Watering Needs for Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl.
Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl. is a lichen that does not require much watering since it completely lacks roots, stems, and leaves. Elderberry lichen obtains its moisture and nutrients from the air and rainwater. However, the lichen must be protected from drying out or overheating. Its symbiotic relationship with algae or cyanobacteria makes it tolerant to dry conditions. Nonetheless, excess moisture or drought can affect its growth and cause die-off.
Fertilization of Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl.
Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl. is a primarily heterotrophic lichen that obtains its nutrients through the activities of its photobionts (algae or cyanobacteria). Since it lacks a root system and the capacity to absorb nutrients from the soil, it generally does not require fertilization. Occasionally, foliar spray with an appropriate nutrient solution can be beneficial, particularly for the growth of young lichens.
Pruning Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl.
Unlike other plants, Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl. does not require pruning or trimming. As a slow-growing lichen, it does not overgrow and suffocate its host plant. However, in cases where the host plant dies, or the lichen's growth causes unattractive aesthetics or poses a hazard, the best pruning method is manually removing the elderberry lichen with a soft-bristle brush or scraping tool. The detached lichen fragments can be used to propagate new ones on other suitable substrates.
Propagation of Lecanora Sambuci
Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl. can be propagated through two main methods: vegetative propagation and spore germination.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation involves separating a part of the existing plant and using it to grow a new one. With Lecanora sambuci, this method can be achieved through the fragmentation of the lichen thallus. This involves breaking off a piece of the existing thallus and transplanting it onto a new substrate under optimal conditions. Once transplanted, the thallus will grow anew and develop into a new plant.
Spore Germination
Another way to propagate Lecanora sambuci is through the germination of spores. This method is more challenging than vegetative propagation and requires knowledge of the lichen's reproductive biology. The spores are produced by the apothecia, which are the fruiting bodies found on the thallus surface. The spores are released into the air and can potentially land on a suitable substrate. In order for them to germinate and grow into a new plant, the substrate must have the appropriate conditions including appropriate light, temperature, and moisture. Once the spore germinates, it will grow into a new thallus.
Disease and Pest Management for Lecanora Sambuci (Pers.) Nyl.
Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl. is a lichen that generally doesn't have many issues with pests and diseases. However, certain environmental conditions and factors can lead to infestations and diseases. Here are some common diseases and pests that may affect the plant and their management strategies:
Common Diseases
Fungal Infections: Fungal infections can occur due to poor air circulation, excess moisture, and poor drainage. If left untreated, these infections can cause pale patches on the lichen, distort its growth, and cause it to wilt. To manage this issue, it is recommended to prune any infected parts of the lichen and improve the drainage and air circulation around it. Additionally, applying a fungicide spray can also prevent further fungal growth.
Common Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that can suck sap from the leaves and stems of Lecanora sambuci, eventually causing stunted growth and distorted leaves. To control aphids, it is recommended to wash them off the plant with a strong stream of water or apply a pesticide that targets aphids.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are another common pest that can infest Lecanora sambuci. They can cause leaves to turn yellow or brown and may produce webbing. To control spider mites, it is recommended to apply insecticidal soap or a pesticide that targets mites.
Keeping the environment around Lecanora sambuci clean and free from debris can also prevent pest infestations, and healthy plants are less susceptible to disease issues. Should the infestation or disease persist, consulting a professional landscaper or horticulturist is recommended.
