Overview
Lathyrus sativus L., also commonly known as grass pea, is an annual leguminous plant that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is widely cultivated in several parts of the world and serves as an important source of food for both humans and animals. The plant is known for its high protein and fiber content, making it a valuable crop for regions with malnourishment and poverty.
Origin and Distribution
The grass pea is believed to have originated from the Mediterranean region. It has been cultivated in this area since ancient times and found historical mention in Greek mythology. Over time, the plant has spread to several other parts of the world, including Europe, Asia, and Africa, and has been a staple food source in many cultures.
General Appearance
The grass pea plant is an annual herb that grows up to 1-2 meters in height. Its leaves are comprised of two leaflets and are light green in color. The flowers of the plant are white, pink or purple in color, and have a distinct sweet smell. The fruit of the plant is a pod that contains 2-10 seeds each.
Uses
The grass pea serves as an important source of food for both humans and animals. The seeds of the plant can be consumed whole or split and are usually made into flour or ground into a paste. The flour is used as a base for several dishes, including soups, curries, and stews. The plant is also used in animal feed and as green manure to improve soil fertility.
Aside from its edible uses, studies suggest that the grass pea may have several medicinal properties. For instance, it has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, may help to regulate blood sugar, and may even help to prevent cancer.
Light Requirements
Lathyrus sativus L. is a cool-season legume crop that prefers full sunlight for good growth and development. It can withstand partial shade but may produce fewer flowers if grown under low light intensity.
Temperature Requirements
The optimum temperature range for the growth and development of Lathyrus sativus L. is between 10°C and 25°C. It thrives under cool weather conditions and can tolerate light frosts. High temperatures above 30°C may cause plant wilting and reduce the overall yield.
Soil Requirements
Lathyrus sativus L. prefers well-drained, fertile soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil pH should be between 6.0 and 7.5 for good growth and development. It can tolerate moderately saline soils but is sensitive to waterlogging and poorly drained soils.
Cultivation Methods
Lathyrus sativus L., also known as grass pea or Indian pea, is an annual plant that is easy to grow. It requires a sunny location with well-draining soil that is slightly acidic. The ideal time for sowing is in the early spring, around mid-March. The seeds should be sown at a depth of about 2-3 cm and spaced around 10-15 cm apart. Once the seedlings reach a height of around 10 cm, they can be transplanted to their permanent location, again spaced 10-15 cm apart. The plant can grow up to 1 meter in height and produces bright pink or purple flowers, followed by edible pods that can be harvested after 90-120 days.
Watering Needs
Lathyrus sativus L. requires moderate watering, with a preference for consistently moist soil. However, it is essential to avoid waterlogging, as this can lead to root rot. The best approach is to water deeply once or twice a week, depending on the weather and soil conditions. During the hot summer months, the plants may require more frequent watering, particularly if the soil is sandy or loamy and does not retain moisture well.
Fertilization
Lathyrus sativus L. benefits from regular fertilization with a balanced fertilizer. For best results, fertilize the plants once every four to six weeks during the growing season. It is also essential to ensure that the soil is rich in organic matter, as this will help to promote healthy growth and better yields. Compost, leaf mold, or well-rotted manure can be mixed into the soil to improve its fertility and structure.
Pruning
Lathyrus sativus L. does not require regular pruning, but it can benefit from some light trimming to promote bushier growth and increase yields. Pinching off the tips of young plants encourages them to develop more lateral shoots and produce more flowers and pods. Deadheading spent flowers can also help to prolong flowering and encourage the development of new blossoms. However, be sure to leave some pods on the plant to mature fully if you want to collect seeds for next year's crop.
Propagation of Lathyrus sativus L.
Lathyrus sativus L., commonly known as Chickling pea, is an annual crop that belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is a valuable source of protein for both humans and livestock. Propagation is the process of reproducing plants to increase their population. Some of the methods used in propagating Lathyrus sativus L. include:
Seed propagation
Seed propagation is the most commonly used method in propagating Lathyrus sativus L. Seeds should be sown in well-drained soil that is rich in nutrients. Germination occurs within 7-14 days after sowing. The optimum temperature for germination is between 20 and 25°C. Seeds are usually sown directly in the field, or in trays, then transplanted later on. It is advisable to use treated seed to prevent diseases and pests.
Cuttings propagation
Cuttings propagation is another method used in propagating Lathyrus sativus L. Cuttings should be taken from a healthy plant and should be about 8-10cm long. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting dipped in rooting hormone before planting in well-drained soil. The soil should be kept moist, and the cutting should be placed in a shaded area until roots develop. The cutting can then be transplanted to the desired location.
Division propagation
Division propagation involves dividing the rhizomes of mature Lathyrus sativus L. plants. Rhizomes are underground stems that produce roots and shoots. To propagate using this method, the rhizomes should be carefully dug up and divided into sections that each have a growing point. The sections should then be replanted in well-drained soil. This method is best done during the dormant period.
Propagation is essential in increasing the population of Lathyrus sativus L. and in ensuring that a steady supply of the crop is available. Farmers should choose the method that works best for them based on availability of resources, timing, and environmental factors.
Disease and Pest Management for Lathyrus sativus L.
Lathyrus sativus L. is susceptible to various diseases and pests that can cause significant damage to the plant and reduce crop yield. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that affect Lathyrus sativus L. and suggested ways to manage them:
Diseases
1. Powdery Mildew: Powdery Mildew is a common fungal disease of Lathyrus sativus L. Symptoms include a white, powdery fungal growth on the leaves, stems, and flowers. To manage powdery mildew, it is important to maintain good air circulation, avoid overhead watering, and remove infected plants quickly. Fungicides such as sulfur or neem oil can be used to control the disease.
2. Ascochyta Blight: Ascochyta blight is a fungal disease that causes leaf spots and blight on Lathyrus sativus L. plants. The disease can reduce plant growth and cause significant yield loss. To manage Ascochyta blight, it is important to remove infected plants, avoid wetting the foliage and use resistant cultivars. Fungicides such as copper-based products can also be used to control the disease.
3. Root Rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that affects the roots of Lathyrus sativus L. plants. Symptoms include yellowing of leaves, wilting, and stunted growth. To manage root rot, it is important to maintain good soil drainage, avoid overwatering and infected plants must be removed quickly. Fungicides such as copper-based products can be used to control the disease.
Pests
1. Aphids: Aphids are a common pest that feeds on the sap of Lathyrus sativus L. plants. Symptoms include curled and distorted leaves, stunted growth and the presence of honeydew. To manage aphids, it is important to use biological controls such as ladybugs or parasitic wasps. Insecticidal soap and neem oil can also be used to control the pests.
2. Spider Mites: Spider mites are small pests that cause damage by sucking the sap of Lathyrus sativus L. leaves. Symptoms include yellow stippling, webbing, and eventual leaf loss. To manage spider mites, it is important to maintain good plant hygiene and remove infested plants quickly. Insecticidal soap and neem oil can be used to control the pests.
3. Cutworms: Cutworms are larvae of moths that feed on Lathyrus sativus L. plants. Symptoms include cut stems and wilting plants. To manage cutworms, it is important to till the soil in late fall to expose the larvae to cold temperatures. Biological controls such as nematodes and Bacillus thuringiensis can also be used to control the pests.
