Overview
Lappula occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene var. occidentalis is a species of flowering plant in the borage family (Boraginaceae). It is native to North America and is commonly found in the western United States of America.
Common Names
Common names for Lappula occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene var. occidentalis include western stickseed, sticky-flower stickseed, or western forget-me-not.
Appearance
Lappula occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene var. occidentalis is a relatively small plant that usually grows to around 30-60 cm in height. It has thin, erect stems with small, needle-like leaves that alternate along the stem. The plant produces small blue or white flowers that are approximately 4-6 mm in diameter. These flowers form clusters at the ends of the stems and have a distinctive "forget-me-not" shape. The plant's most notable feature is its small, sticky burrs that attach to skin, hair, and clothing with ease.
Uses
The sticky burrs that cover Lappula occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene var. occidentalis have been used by various indigenous cultures for centuries. The burrs were used as a type of adhesive to attach feathers or other decorations to clothing or other items. Additionally, the plant has been used medicinally by some indigenous cultures as a treatment for various ailments, including coughs, colds, and skin irritations.
Light Requirements:
The Lappula occidentalis var. occidentalis plant typically grows well under full sun or partially shaded conditions. However, a consistent exposure to sunlight results in robust growth and the development of more flowers.
Temperature Requirements:
The Lappula occidentalis var. occidentalis plants usually require cool temperatures to germinate and establish. They can withstand a broad range of temperatures, but their optimal growth temperature range lies between 12 degrees C to 24 degrees C.
Soil Requirements:
These plants thrive in soils that are rich in organic matter and well-drained. They typically prefer sandy-clay loam, clayey, or gravelly soils with an acidic to neutral pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. The presence of calcium and nitrogen in the soil enhances their growth and development.
Cultivation Methods
Lappula occidentalis, commonly referred to as western stickseed, is a hardy plant that can grow in various soil types ranging from sandy to loamy. However, it thrives best in well-drained loamy soil. It is also known to withstand drought conditions, but better growth results from regular watering. The plant thrives in areas with plenty of natural light and can tolerate partial shade.
Watering Needs
As a drought-resistant plant, Lappula occidentalis can go for extended periods without water. However, for optimal growth and health, regular watering is recommended. Young plants require frequent, light watering, while mature plants can go for longer with deep watering. The plant does not tolerate waterlogged soil, so drainage is crucial for preventing root rot.
Fertilization
Lappula occidentalis is not a heavy feeder and can survive in poor soil conditions. However, regular fertilization can enhance plant growth and ensure healthier foliage. Organic fertilizers such as compost, manure, or fish emulsion, are preferred as they improve soil texture while adding nutrients. Avoid using inorganic fertilizers as they can damage the plant and the surrounding environment.
Pruning
Lappula occidentalis does not require extensive pruning as it has a compact growth pattern. However, removing dead or damaged branches helps to improve the plant's appearance and overall health. Prune the plant during the growing season to stimulate new growth. Trim back last year's growth by one-third of its length to keep the plant healthy and prevent woody stems.
Propagation of Lappula occidentalis var. occidentalis
Lappula occidentalis var. occidentalis is commonly known as western stickseed or western nipplewort. It is a perennial herb that is native to western North America. The plant reproduces by seeds as well as vegetatively through its rhizomes.
Seed propagation
Lappula occidentalis var. occidentalis reproduces sexually through its seeds. The seeds are small and can be directly sown into the soil or planted in pots for later transplanting. The best time for seed sowing is in spring or early summer when the soil temperature is consistently above 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
Before sowing seeds, the soil should be loosened to a depth of at least 6 inches. Seeds should be sown at a depth of about 1/4 inch and spaced about 6-12 inches apart. Water the seeds gently after planting and keep the soil moist. Germination should occur within 1-3 weeks.
Vegetative propagation
Lappula occidentalis var. occidentalis can also be propagated vegetatively through its rhizomes. Rhizomes are underground stems that have the capability to grow into new plants. To propagate using rhizomes, the plant should be dug up in early spring before new growth appears. The rhizomes are then cut into smaller pieces, each containing at least one node. The cuttings are planted in the soil, and the site should be kept well-watered for the first few weeks.
It is important to note that rhizome propagation may not produce exact clones of the parent plant, as the resulting plant may have slightly different characteristics. Therefore, it is recommended to use seed propagation for a more consistent and reliable result.
Disease Management
Lappula occidentalis is relatively resistant to most diseases, but it can occasionally be affected by fungal, viral, and bacterial infections. The most common diseases that affect this plant are:
- Leaf spot: a fungal disease that causes yellow or brown spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, prune infected leaves, avoid overhead watering, and improve air circulation around the plant.
- Damping-off: a fungal disease that affects seedlings, causing them to wilt and die. To prevent damping-off, use sterile soil and avoid overwatering.
- Mosaic virus: a viral disease that causes mottled or streaked leaves and stunted growth. There is no cure for mosaic virus, so infected plants must be removed to prevent the spread of the disease.
- Crown gall: a bacterial disease that causes abnormal growths on the roots and stems of the plant. To manage this disease, remove infected plants and avoid planting Lappula occidentalis in soil where infected plants have been grown before.
Pest Management
Lappula occidentalis is relatively resistant to most pests, but it can occasionally be affected by insects and mites. The most common pests that affect this plant are:
- Aphids: small insects that suck sap from the leaves, causing them to curl and distort. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a strong stream of water or use insecticidal soap.
- Spider mites: tiny mites that suck sap from the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and brown. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a strong stream of water or use insecticidal soap.
- Thrips: tiny insects that feed on the leaves, flowers, and stems of the plant, causing them to turn brown or black. To manage thrips, remove and destroy infected plant parts and use insecticidal soap.
Always remember to follow the instructions on any pesticide product and wear appropriate personal protective equipment when using them. Avoid using broad-spectrum pesticides that can harm beneficial insects such as bees and ladybugs.
