Overview
Lantana mearnsii Moldenke var. latibracteolata Moldenke is a plant species belonging to the family Verbenaceae. It is native to South America, particularly found in the highlands of the Andes Mountains in Peru.
Common Names
This plant is commonly known as "Makaha," which is based on the name given to the genus Lantana in Peru.
Uses
Lantana mearnsii Moldenke var. latibracteolata Moldenke is known for its traditional medicinal properties. It has been used in Peru as a digestive aid and to treat fevers. Additionally, this plant is commonly used in ornamental gardening because of its bright and vibrant flower clusters.
General Appearance
Lantana mearnsii Moldenke var. latibracteolata Moldenke is a shrub with a height of up to 2 meters. The leaves are simple, opposite, ovate, and measure up to 12 cm in length. The flowers are arranged in terminal panicles, with an inflorescence measuring up to 18cm in width. The flowers are small, with a diameter of only 3-4 mm, and range in color from yellow to pinkish-orange. The fruit is a drupe, black in color, and measures up to 4 mm in diameter.
Light Requirements
Lantana mearnsii Moldenke var. latibracteolata Moldenke thrives in full sun, which is defined as six or more hours of direct sunlight every day. It can also tolerate partial shade, but the plant might not produce as many blooms and could become leggy.
Temperature Requirements
This plant can be grown in a wide range of temperature zones. It is adaptable to hot, humid weather and can also endure temperatures as low as -3°C. In temperate climates, it can be grown as an annual plant, while in tropical regions, it can be grown as a perennial.
Soil Requirements
Lantana mearnsii Moldenke var. latibracteolata Moldenke is not particular about the soil type. It can grow on almost any soil as long as it is well-draining and rich in organic matter. A pH of 6.5-7.5 is ideal for optimal growth. In poorly draining soils, the plant is susceptible to root rot, which can be fatal.
Cultivation Methods
Lantana mearnsii Moldenke var. latibracteolata Moldenke is a hardy shrub that can be grown in most soils, although it prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It prefers full sunlight, but it can tolerate partial shade as well. It can be propagated by stem cuttings, seeds, or layering. The plants should be spaced about 2 to 3 feet apart to allow for proper growth and good air circulation.
Watering Needs
The plant needs regular watering during the growing season, especially during dry spells. It is important to not overwater the plant, as it can lead to root rot. A good way to prevent this is to allow the soil to dry out slightly between watering sessions. When watering the plant, it is best to water the soil around the base of the plant rather than the leaves and flowers.
Fertilization
The plant benefits from regular fertilization, especially during the growing season. A balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be used. Fertilizer should be applied every 4 to 6 weeks. It is essential to not over-fertilize the plant, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth and fewer blooms.
Pruning
Regular pruning can help to keep the plant looking neat and tidy. The best time to prune is after blooming has finished for the season. Cut back the stems by about one-third to one-half of their length. This will encourage the plant to produce new growth and more blooms the following season. It is also important to remove any dead or diseased stems and leaves as soon as possible to prevent the spread of disease.
Propagation of Lantana mearnsii Moldenke var. latibracteolata Moldenke
Lantana mearnsii Moldenke var. latibracteolata Moldenke are propagated through two primary methods:
Seed Propagation
Seeds must be collected from the plant when they are mature and fully ripe. This can be done by leaving the flower heads on the plant until they start to dry up and the seeds begin to turn brown. The seeds can then be separated from the flower head and stored in a cool, dry place.
When propagating from seeds, it is best to sow them in a well-draining soil mix in a warm location, ideally in the spring. Seeds should be planted about 1/4 inch deep in the soil and kept moist until they germinate. Germination typically occurs within 2-3 weeks.
Cutting Propagation
Cutting propagation is the process of removing a portion of the plant, typically a stem or a shoot, and encouraging it to root in soil or water. Cuttings can be taken in the early spring, summer, or early fall.
To propagate Lantana mearnsii Moldenke var. latibracteolata Moldenke through cuttings, select healthy stems and cut them to a length of about 4-6 inches. Remove any leaves from the bottom half of the stem and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. The cutting should then be planted in a well-draining soil mix or placed in water. Keep the soil or water moist and in a warm location with bright, indirect light. Roots should start to form within 2-3 weeks.
Both seed and cutting propagation methods can be used to propagate Lantana mearnsii Moldenke var. latibracteolata Moldenke. With proper care, propagation can yield strong, healthy plants.
Disease Management
Lantana mearnsii Moldenke var. latibracteolata Moldenke is susceptible to several diseases that can affect its growth, productivity, and overall health. The most common diseases that affect this plant are:
- Leaf Spot: This is caused by the fungal pathogen, Cercospora lantanae, and appears as circular, brown spots that form on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove and destroy infected leaves, improve air circulation, and avoid overhead watering.
- Root Rot: This is caused by the fungal pathogen, Phytophthora parasitica, and affects the roots, causing them to rot. To manage this disease, avoid over-watering, improve soil drainage, and apply a fungicide.
- Powdery Mildew: This is caused by the fungal pathogen, Erysiphe lantanae, and appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove and destroy infected leaves, improve air circulation, and apply a fungicide.
Pest Management
In addition to diseases, Lantana mearnsii Moldenke var. latibracteolata Moldenke is also susceptible to pests that can damage the plant. The most common pests that affect this plant are:
- Spider Mites: These are tiny, sap-sucking pests that feed on the undersides of leaves, causing them to wilt and become discolored. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a strong stream of water, apply insecticidal soap or neem oil, and improve air circulation.
- Whiteflies: These are tiny, winged insects that suck sap from the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and fall off. To manage whiteflies, remove and destroy heavily infested leaves, apply insecticidal soap or neem oil, and use yellow sticky traps.
- Caterpillars: These are the larval stage of butterflies and moths and can chew on the leaves, causing extensive damage. To manage caterpillars, hand-pick them off the plant, use Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) pesticide, and encourage natural predators, such as birds and parasitic wasps.
