Introduction
Lantana involucrata L., commonly known as buttonsage or wild sage, is a small flowering shrub native to the southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. The plant belongs to the Verbena family (Verbenaceae) and has been used for various medicinal purposes in traditional medicine.
General Appearance
The plant typically grows to a height of 3-4 feet and has a spread of 3-4 feet. It has a round, mounding shape with small, dark green leaves. The leaves are 1-3 inches long and have a rough texture. The plant is known for its clusters of small, tubular flowers that bloom throughout the year. The flowers can be pink, purple, yellow, orange, or red and attract butterflies and bees.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as buttonsage or wild sage in English. In Spanish, it is known as hierba de humo, romero cimarrón, or campanita. It is also known by various other names including hogplum, prairie sage, and small sage.
Uses
Lantana involucrata has been used for various medicinal purposes in traditional medicine. The plant has been used to treat digestive problems, fever, respiratory disorders, and skin infections. The leaves and stems of the plant have been used to make a tea that is used to alleviate cold and flu symptoms. The plant has also been used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and intestinal worms. In addition, the plant has been used as an insect repellent and a flavoring agent in food and drinks.
Light Requirements
Lantana involucrata L. typically thrives in areas with full sun exposure, although it may tolerate partial shade in hotter climates. As such, the plant requires at least six hours of direct sunlight each day to grow and bloom optimally.
Temperature Requirements
This species is native to the subtropical and tropical regions, and as such, Lantana involucrata L. prefers warm temperatures between 16°C to 28°C. This plant has some tolerance to cooler temperatures, but it can be damaged if the temperature drops below 10°C or exposed to frost. When growing it indoors, make sure that the plant is not placed near cold drafts from windows.
Soil Requirements
Lantana involucrata L. thrives in well-draining soils that are organically rich. A pH of 6.0-7.5 is optimal for growth. If the soil is clayey, it is important to add compost or other organic matter to improve the soil's structure, as it may retain too much water, leading to root rot. When planting this species in pots, ensure to place a layer of gravel at the bottom of the pot to ensure that the soil does not become waterlogged.
Cultivation Methods
Lantana involucrata L. prefers well-draining, sandy soil that is slightly acidic. It is best to plant the shrub in a location that receives full or partial sun. The plant can tolerate some shade but will flower more abundantly in full sun. When planting, ensure that the root ball is level with the soil, and water thoroughly to help establish the plant.
Watering Needs
Lantana involucrata L. requires regular watering to thrive, particularly during the hot and dry months. The plant should be watered deeply once or twice a week, depending on the climate and soil conditions. Be mindful not to overwater as this may cause root rot and other issues.
Fertilization
Proper fertilization will help the shrub grow healthy and strong. Lantana involucrata L. requires a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10, applied in the spring and summer months. Be careful not to over-fertilize as this may cause excessive growth and reduced flowering.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential part of Lantana involucrata L. care as it helps to promote healthy growth and maintain a desirable shape. The plant should be pruned in late winter or early spring before new growth appears. Remove any dead or diseased branches, and cut back up to one-third of the overall size to encourage new growth. Additionally, shaping the shrub can be done during this time as well.
Propagation of Lantana involucrata L.
Lantana involucrata L. can be propagated by various methods such as seeds, cuttings, and layering.
Propagation through seeds
The propagation through seeds is the most commonly used and easiest method. The plants start producing seeds in late summer, and they can be collected and sown in early spring or fall. The seeds should be sown 1/8 inch deep in a well-drained potting mix and kept in a warm and moist place. The seedling should emerge within 20-25 days, and after six weeks, they can be transplanted to a bigger pot.
Propagation through cuttings
The cutting propagation method is used to increase the number of plants quickly. The stem cuttings should be taken from the plant's terminal ends, and they should be 4-6 inches long with 2-3 nodes. The leaves should be removed from the lower half of the cutting, and rooting hormone can be applied to the base. The cutting should be planted in a well-drained potting mix, and after two weeks, they should start emitting new growth.
Propagation through layering
Propagation through layering involves bending one of the plant's flexible stems and burying it in a separate pot while still attached to the mother plant. The tip of the stem should be above the soil level, and the buried portion can be covered with soil. The pot should be watered regularly, and after four to six weeks, the buried stem should develop roots. The rooted stem can be cut from the mother plant and transplanted to a bigger pot.
Disease and Pest Management for Lantana Involucrata L.
Lantana involucrata L. is a vulnerable woody plant species that is susceptible to several diseases and pests that can cause significant damage if left untreated. Proper disease and pest management practices are necessary to maintain the plant's health and aesthetic appeal.
Common Diseases
One of the common diseases affecting Lantana involucrata is powdery mildew. It is a fungal disease that causes a white, powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. To manage this disease, prune infected leaves and stems and dispose of them in the trash. Also, ensure adequate spacing between plants, promote proper air circulation, and avoid overhead irrigation.
Fungal leaf spot is another disease that affects Lantana involucrata. It appears as brown, yellow, or black spots on the leaves and can cause severe defoliation. To manage this disease, prune infected leaves, avoid overhead irrigation, and use organic fungicides.
Common Pests
Spider mites are a common pest that affects Lantana involucrata. They feed on the plant sap, causing the leaves to turn yellow, brown, or bronze. To manage spider mites, remove any weeds around the plant, apply insecticidal soap, and promote proper air circulation.
Whiteflies are another significant pest that affects Lantana involucrata. They feed on the plant's sap, leading to yellowing and wilting of the leaves. To manage whiteflies, prune infected plant parts, use insecticidal soap, and consider introducing beneficial insects such as ladybugs and lacewings.
Preventive Measures
Prevention is always better than cure when it comes to disease and pest management for Lantana involucrata. To avoid infestations and diseases, ensure that the plant receives adequate sunlight, water, and nutrients. Properly space the plants to promote proper air circulation, prune regularly to remove dead or damaged plant parts, and maintain good hygiene practices during cultivation and maintenance. Regularly inspect the plants for signs of pests and diseases, and take prompt action using appropriate management practices.
