Origin
Lantana camara L. var. crocea (Jacq.) L.H.Bailey, also known as golden yellow lantana, is a species of flowering plant that is native to the Americas, particularly in the Caribbean and Mexico. It has been introduced in many other parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and Australia, where it is considered invasive in some areas.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as golden yellow lantana, yellow sage, or wild sage. It is also known by various names in different regions, including Spanish flag, big-sage, wild sage, and tickberry. These common names reflect the plant's yellow flowers and its resemblance to sage.
Uses
Golden yellow lantana has several uses. In traditional medicine, it has been used to treat a variety of ailments, including fever, respiratory problems, and skin eruptions. Some studies have also shown that the plant has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
Golden yellow lantana also has ornamental uses. It is a popular garden plant because of its attractive and long-lasting flowers, which bloom from spring to fall. It is also used in landscaping and as a hedge or border plant.
General Appearance
Golden yellow lantana is a woody shrub that can grow up to 2 m tall. It has simple, ovate leaves that are dark green and somewhat hairy. The plant produces clusters of small, tubular-shaped flowers that are yellow in color and bloom in dense clusters. The flowers are followed by small, round, and black fruits that are enjoyed by birds.
Light Requirements:
The plant Lantana camara L. var. crocea (Jacq.) L.H.Bailey requires full sun to partial shade exposure for optimum growth. It can withstand intense heat and sunlight, but excessive shading can result in leggy growth and a decrease in flower production. Exposure to sunlight also influences the plant's flower color; full sun exposure produces the brightest pigmentation.
Temperature Requirements:
Lantana camara L. var. crocea (Jacq.) L.H.Bailey is native to tropical and sub-tropical areas and thrives in warm environments. The optimal temperature range for this species is between 60-90°F (16-32°C). Temperatures below 50°F (10°C) can cause damage to the leaves, while frost can kill the plant entirely. Growth and flowering rates are also slower in cooler temperatures.
Soil Requirements:
The plant prefers well-drained soils that are rich in nutrients. It can grow in a range of soil types, including clay, sandy, and loam soils. However, the soil must be able to retain moisture without becoming waterlogged. Soil pH should be between 5.5 and 7.5, although the plant can tolerate a broader range. It is important to note that Lantana camara can be invasive in some areas, so careful consideration must be taken when planting in a new location.
Cultivation methods
Lantana camara L. var. crocea (Jacq.) L.H.Bailey is a shrub that grows best in warm regions with good drainage. It can tolerate various soil types, but it thrives in well-drained soil. Planting should be done during the rainy season, which will provide the plants with enough water to establish themselves. It is best to select a location that receives full sun to ensure proper growth of the plant.
Watering needs
Lantana camara L. var. crocea (Jacq.) L.H.Bailey needs adequate watering to grow well. The plant should be watered regularly, but over-watering should be avoided as this can lead to root rot. Watering should be done in the morning to allow the leaves to dry before the night falls. A good indication of the need for watering is when the soil starts to dry out.
Fertilization
Fertilization is important for the healthy growth of Lantana camara L. var. crocea (Jacq.) L.H.Bailey. A balanced fertilizer (NPK) should be applied every six to eight weeks during the growing season. Fertilization should be stopped in winter as the plant goes into dormancy.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential maintenance practice or Lantana camara L. var. crocea (Jacq.) L.H.Bailey. It should be done during the spring to encourage bushier and healthier growth. Pruning can be carried out by cutting back dead wood, new shoots, and side shoots, and thinning out dense areas. Regular pruning will help to keep the plant healthy and looking good.
Propagation of Lantana camara L. var. crocea (Jacq.) L.H.Bailey
Lantana camara L. var. crocea (Jacq.) L.H.Bailey is typically propagated via seeds or stem cuttings.
Seed Propagation
Seeds are collected from the plant when the fruits are ripe. The collected seeds are cleaned and planted in good quality soil. Seed propagation is best done in warm temperatures of around 70-75°F (21-24°C), with high humidity levels. The seeds usually take around 2-3 weeks to germinate. Once the seedlings are a few inches tall, they can be transplanted to bigger pots or directly into the garden.
Stem Cutting Propagation
Another way to propagate Lantana camara L. var. crocea is through stem cuttings. The best time to take stem cuttings is in the spring, just before new growth appears. Cuttings approximately 4 inches long and with a few leaves are taken from the plant. Remove the lower leaves, dip the cut end in rooting hormone, and plant the stem cutting in a rooting medium with good drainage. Keep the cutting in a warm, humid area and maintain good soil moisture levels. Once roots have formed, the plant can be transplanted into a larger pot or into the garden.
Disease Management
Lantana camara L. var. crocea (Jacq.) L.H.Bailey is susceptible to various diseases, including:
- Lantana Leaf Spot: This fungal disease causes dark brown to black spots on leaves, which can eventually lead to leaf drop and reduced plant vigor. To manage this disease, remove and destroy infected leaves and avoid overhead watering. Application of fungicides also helps in controlling the spread of the disease.
- Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew appears as a white or gray powdery growth on the upper surface of leaves, stems, and flowers. It can inhibit photosynthesis and cause reduced plant vigor. Cultural methods of control include proper plant spacing, pruning of infected plant parts, and improving air circulation. Fungicides such as sulfur and potassium bicarbonate can also be used to control powdery mildew.
- Lantana Wilt: This disease caused by the fungus Fusarium solani can cause wilting and death of the plant. Control measures include planting resistant varieties and removing and destroying infected plants and debris.
Pest Management
Several pests can attack Lantana camara L. var. crocea (Jacq.) L.H.Bailey, including:
- Whiteflies: These pests suck sap from the leaves, causing yellowing, stunted growth, and reduced plant vigor. Management options include introducing natural predators such as green lacewings, using sticky traps, and spraying insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Spider Mites: These tiny pests feed on the underside of leaves, causing yellowing and stippling of leaves. They thrive in hot and dry conditions. Control methods include releasing natural predators such as lady beetles, pruning infected plant parts, and applying insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars of various species can feed on Lantana leaves, causing extensive damage. Management methods include handpicking and removal of caterpillars, releasing natural predators such as birds, and using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticide.
