Origin
Kochia americana S. Wats. var. californica (S. Wats.) M.E. Jones, commonly known as California kochia, is a subspecies of the perennial Kochia americana, native to North America.
Common Names
California kochia is also known by other common names, including fireweed, Mexican burningbush, and summer cypress.
Uses
The plant has several uses in different sectors. In landscaping, California kochia is used as an ornamental plant due to its fine textured foliage, compact habit, and ability to grow in poor soils. In agriculture, the plant is used as forage for grazing animals and cuttings for hay. In traditional medicine, the leaves of this plant have been used to treat skin rashes and insect bites.
General Appearance
California kochia is a shrub that can grow up to 3 feet tall and 2 feet wide. The plant's stems are green, turning to a reddish-brown color as they mature. The leaves are narrow, green, and pointed, measuring about 1 inch long and ¼ inch wide. During the summer season, the plants produce tiny greenish-yellow flowers that are arranged in small clusters. The flowers then develop into dry fruits that are covered in bristles, which makes them stick to clothing and animal fur easily.
Light Requirements
Kochia americana S. Wats. var. californica (S. Wats.) M.E. Jones grows best in full sunlight. It can tolerate partial shade, but for optimum growth and development, it is best to plant it in areas that receive at least 8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is adapted to grow in hot and dry environments. It thrives in areas with high temperatures ranging from 60°F to 90°F. Extreme temperatures above 95°F and below 40°F could affect the growth and development of the plant.
Soil Requirements
Kochia americana S. Wats. var. californica (S. Wats.) M.E. Jones prefers well-drained soils with a neutral to alkaline pH of 6.0-8.5. It can grow in different types of soil, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. However, it grows best in moderately fertile soils with good drainage.
Cultivation Methods
Kochia americana S. Wats. var. californica (S. Wats.) M.E. Jones can be cultivated from seeds or seedlings. It is essential to choose a well-draining area with full sun exposure. The plant prefers fertile soil, but it can grow in a range of soil types, including sandy and clay soils. Sow or transplant seedlings in early spring after the last frost date. Space the seedlings at least 12 inches apart to allow for proper growth.
Watering Needs
Kochia americana S. Wats. var. californica (S. Wats.) M.E. Jones requires regular irrigation to thrive. Provide enough water to ensure that the soil is moist but not waterlogged. During hot and dry weather, increase the frequency of irrigation to prevent the plant from drying out. However, overwatering can lead to root rot and other diseases, so be mindful of the plant's water needs.
Fertilization
To promote healthy growth and development, it is recommended to fertilize Kochia americana S. Wats. var. californica (S. Wats.) M.E. Jones once or twice a month during the growing season. Use a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 blend, and follow the manufacturer's application instructions. Avoid overfertilizing, which can cause nutrient burn and damage the plant.
Pruning
Kochia americana S. Wats. var. californica (S. Wats.) M.E. Jones does not require frequent pruning, but occasional trimming can improve its overall appearance and health. Prune away any dead or diseased branches as soon as you notice them. You can also prune the plant to shape it and control its size. Cut branches back to just above a leaf node, and avoid cutting into the woody part of the stem as this can cause damage.
Propagation of Kochia americana S. Wats. var. californica (S. Wats.) M.E. Jones
Kochia americana S. Wats. var. californica (S. Wats.) M.E. Jones, commonly known as California kochia, can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
The seeds of California kochia can be directly sown in the soil, or started indoors in trays and then transplanted outside. The best time for sowing seeds is in the spring when the soil temperature is between 60-65°F.
The seeds should be sown in well-drained soil and kept moist until germination. Germination occurs within one to two weeks. Once the seedlings are about 3 inches tall they can be transplanted outside.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Propagation through stem cuttings is also possible for California kochia. Cuttings should be taken from mature plants in the summer when the plant is actively growing.
The cuttings should be about 3-4 inches long and taken from the top portion of the plant. Remove the leaves on the lower portion of the cutting and dip the cut end in rooting hormone.
The cuttings should be planted in well-draining soil and kept moist until roots form. Rooting typically takes about two to three weeks. Once rooted, the cuttings can be transplanted outside.
Disease Management
Kochia americana S. Wats. var. californica (S. Wats.) M.E. Jones plant species is generally healthy and does not suffer from many diseases. However, some common diseases that might affect the plant include:
- Root Rot: Root rot is the most common disease that affects Kochia americana. It is caused by fungus and can be recognized by the plant's yellow leaves and wilted appearance. To prevent root rot, it is essential to avoid overwatering and to ensure that the soil is well-drained.
- Powdery Mildew: Another common disease that affects Kochia americana is powdery mildew. It can be observed by the white powder that appears on the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage powdery mildew, apply an organic fungicidal spray that contains neem oil or potassium bicarbonate.
Pest Management
Kochia americana S. Wats. var. californica (S. Wats.) M.E. Jones plants can also be affected by several pests that can damage or kill the plant. Common pests that might affect the plant include:
- Aphids: Aphids are small insects that attack the stems, leaves, and blooms of Kochia americana plants, causing them to curl, twist, and deform. To manage aphids, use an insecticide soap with water or nitrogen-rich fertilizer on the infected plant.
- Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that suck the sap from Kochia americana plants, causing yellow or brown spots on the leaves. To manage spider mites, apply an organic insecticidal soap or neem oil solution that will help reduce their populations.
- Cutworm: Cutworms are worm-like larvae that typically attack the young Kochia americana plants. To manage the cutworms, spread diatomaceous earth around the base of the plant or apply Bacillus thuringiensis, a natural soil-dwelling bacterium.
In conclusion, it is important to practice proper growing habits, such as good air circulation, watering at the base of the plant, providing adequate nutrition, and removing dead or decaying plant materials. By doing so and using the above methods for pest and disease management, you can keep your Kochia americana S. Wats. var. californica (S. Wats.) M.E. Jones plants healthy and pest-free.
