Origin and Common Names
Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller var. occidentalis (Small) Ebinger is a native plant to the western parts of North America. It commonly goes by various names including Western Mountain Laurel, Alpine Laurel, and Little Leaf Laurel.
Appearance
Kalmia microphylla is a low-growing, evergreen shrub that can grow up to two feet in height and spread up to three feet wide. It has dense foliage with small, leathery, oval-shaped leaves that are dark green in color. The leaves give off a spicy scent when crushed. The shrub also bears an abundance of pink to white flowers in the summer that are bell-shaped and have five petals. The fruit of the plant consists of small brown capsules that release seeds through openings on the top.
Uses
Kalmia microphylla has some traditional medicinal uses including treating skin problems, fevers, and headaches. However, the plant contains toxins that can be harmful if ingested, so it is not recommended for self-medication purposes. The plant is also used in landscaping and gardening due to its attractive foliage and flowers. It can be used as a ground cover or planted in rock gardens or slopes where it can establish roots and prevent soil erosion.
Light Requirements
Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis thrives in moderate sunlight levels as it is adapted to grow under partial shade conditions. Exposure to direct sunlight may result in scorched leaves and wilting. Therefore, planting in a location where the plant can receive direct morning light and partial afternoon shade would be ideal.
Temperature Requirements
Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, from as low as -15° F in winter to as high as 90° F in summer. However, the plant prefers cooler temperatures ranging from 60-70° F. The ideal planting locations are regions that experience warm summers and mild winters.
Soil Requirements
The plant requires well-drained soils with a pH ranging from acidic to slightly acidic. A pH range between 4.5 and 6.0 is ideal. The species also requires soils that are rich in organic matter, with adequate water-holding capacity and aeration. Additionally, loamy soils rich in humus and other organic matter are favored since they allow for better root development and water retention.
Cultivation of Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller var. occidentalis (Small) Ebinger
Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller var. occidentalis (Small) Ebinger is a charming evergreen shrub that belongs to the Ericaceae family. It is native to the west coast of North America, where it grows in moist, shady areas such as alpine meadows, streambanks, and bogs. The plant has a compact, rounded growth habit that makes it an excellent choice for rock gardens, woodland gardens, and containers.
To cultivate Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis, you will need to choose a location that provides it with partial to full shade, as direct sunlight can scorch the delicate foliage. The plant prefers moist, well-draining soil that is slightly acidic.
Watering Needs
When it comes to watering, Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis requires consistent moisture. You will need to keep the soil evenly moist, but not waterlogged, as the plant can be susceptible to root rot. Check the soil regularly and water whenever the top inch feels dry to the touch.
Fertilization
During the growing season, Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis benefits from regular fertilization. You can use a slow-release fertilizer that is specifically formulated for acid-loving plants every four to six weeks. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for dosage and application.
Pruning
Pruning Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis is generally not necessary, but you can remove any dead or damaged branches as needed. If the plant becomes overgrown, you can trim it back lightly after it has finished flowering. Avoid cutting back into old wood, as the plant may not recover.
With the right cultivation and care, Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis can thrive in your garden for years to come, providing you with beautiful foliage and charming flowers.
Propagation of Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis
Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis, commonly known as the Pacific or Western bog laurel, is a beautiful evergreen shrub native to the western United States. This plant produces fragrant pink flowers in late spring and early summer, making it a popular choice for gardeners. To propagate Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis, use one of the following methods:
Seed Propagation
The easiest way to propagate Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis is by sowing seeds in the fall. Collect the seed capsules from the plant when they turn brown and start to open. Extract the seeds from the capsules and store them in a cool, dry place until the fall. In the fall, sow the seeds in a well-draining soil mixture in a container and cover with a light layer of soil. Keep the container in a cool, shaded place and water regularly to ensure that the soil is moist.
Cuttings Propagation
Another way to propagate Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis is by taking softwood cuttings in early summer. Select stems that are new, but not too young, and cut a 4- to 6-inch piece just above a leaf node. Remove the lower leaves and dip the bottom of the cutting in rooting hormone. Plant the cuttings in a well-draining soil mixture and cover with a plastic bag to create a humid environment. Keep the cuttings in a cool, shaded location and water regularly to ensure that the soil is moist.
Layering Propagation
Layering is a simple method of propagating Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis. Choose a low-lying stem and gently bend it down to the soil. Make a small cut on the underside of the stem where it touches the soil, and cover the cut with soil. Place a rock or heavy object on top of the covered cut to keep it in place. After a few weeks, roots should start to develop. Cut the stem from the mother plant and plant it in a new location.
Disease Management
Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis can be susceptible to various diseases including:
- Phytophthora root rot: This disease is caused by a soil-borne pathogen that attacks the roots of the plant, leading to wilting and death. To manage this disease, it is important to plant in well-draining soil and avoid overwatering. Fungicides can also be used preventatively.
- Leaf spot: Leaf spot is caused by various fungi and can be identified by circular or irregular brown spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, it is important to remove and dispose of infected leaves, avoid overhead watering, and use fungicides as needed.
- Powdery mildew: This disease is caused by a fungus that creates a white powdery coating on the leaves. To manage this disease, it is important to provide good air circulation and avoid overhead watering. Fungicides can also be used preventatively.
Pest Management
Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis can also be susceptible to various pests including:
- Aphids: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that can cause yellowing and curling of leaves. To manage aphids, it is important to use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or other insecticides.
- Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny arachnids that can cause yellowing and stippling of leaves. To manage spider mites, it is important to use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or other insecticides.
- Deer: Deer can cause damage to the leaves, stems, and bark of Kalmia microphylla var. occidentalis. One way to manage deer is to use physical barriers such as fences or netting. Repellents can also be used.
- Scale: Scale insects are small, immobile pests that can cause yellowing and stunting of the plant. To manage scale, it is important to use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or other insecticides.
