Introduction
Justicia viridis Forssk. is a plant native to the Middle East and North Africa. It belongs to the Acanthaceae family and is also known by the common names of Green shrimp plant, Persian shield, and Green justicia.Description
Justicia viridis is a perennial herb that grows to a height of 30-60cm. It has lance-shaped leaves that are approximately 7-10cm long and 2cm wide. The leaves are a beautiful combination of green and purple colors with a velvet-like texture. The stems are erect with a reddish-purple hue and produce flowers in widely spaced spikes at the end of the stem.Uses
The plant extract from Justicia viridis has been used to treat various ailments such as fever, dysentery, and digestive disorders in traditional medicine. The plant is known to have anti-cancer properties, and its extracts have been used to treat colon and breast cancer. Its leaves have also been used to treat skin problems such as allergies and eczema.Cultivation
The Justicia viridis plant prefers warm and humid conditions that are found in tropical and subtropical regions. It grows best in well-drained soils with a pH range between 5.5 to 6.5. The plant is propagated either by stem cuttings or seeds. It is a low maintenance plant that requires regular watering and fertilization during the growing season. In conclusion, Justicia viridis Forssk. is a versatile plant that not only adds to the beauty of the garden but also has medicinal properties. Its stunning foliage and purple stems make it a popular ornamental plant. Its medicinal properties are gaining recognition, and it has the potential to be an important source of anti-cancer drugs in the future.Light Requirements
Justicia viridis Forssk., commonly known as green shrimp plant, prefers bright but indirect light. It can withstand some direct sunlight in the morning or evening, but intense and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight can burn its leaves. Therefore, it is advisable to place the plant in a spot where it can receive bright light for some hours each day without being exposed to direct sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
Justicia viridis Forssk. is a subtropical plant that thrives in warm temperatures. Ideally, the plant should be kept in a location with a temperature range of 65 to 80°F (18 to 27°C). The temperatures should not drop below 50°F (10°C), as the plant can be damaged and die. It is, therefore, advisable to keep the plant indoors or in a greenhouse in cooler regions.
Soil Requirements
The soil requirements of Justicia viridis Forssk. are not very strict. However, to ensure optimal growth and development, it is advisable to plant the green shrimp plant in well-draining soil that is enriched with organic matter. The soil should have a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5, slightly on the acidic side. The plant also prefers moist but not waterlogged soil, so it is advisable to ensure proper drainage to avoid root rot. Additionally, regular fertilization is recommended to supply essential nutrients to the plant.
Cultivation methods
Justicia viridis Forssk. is an adaptable plant, and it can be cultivated both indoors and outdoors. It requires a well-draining soil, so choose a spot with well-draining soils with a pH range between 5.5 to 7.5. It prefers indirect sunlight while avoiding direct sunlight, so it is ideal to place it in a spot where it receives filtered or partial sun.
The plant should be propagated through stem cuttings, and it is advisable to carry out the propagation during the growing season. When planting, ensure that the soil is moist to ensure quick rooting.
Watering needs
When it comes to watering, Justicia viridis Forssk. requires moderate watering. It is advisable to water the plant at regular intervals, but ensure that the soil does not become waterlogged as this can lead to root rot. It is best to water the plant when the topsoil of the pot or garden bed feels dry.
Fertilization
To keep Justicia viridis Forssk. healthy, it is necessary to feed the plant occasionally. You can apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every month during the growing season. Alternatively, you can incorporate slow-release granular fertilizer into the soil during the planting season.
Pruning
Justicia viridis Forssk responds well to pruning. Pruning helps to maintain its shape and keeps it attractive. You can prune the plant several times in a year, especially during the growing season. To prune, remove all the dead, diseased or damaged leaves or branches. Also, you can cut back up to one-third of the plant's overall length to encourage bushier growth and more flowers.
Propagation of Justicia viridis Forssk.
Justicia viridis Forssk. can be propagated through both seed and cuttings.
Seed Propagation
The seeds of Justicia viridis Forssk. can be sown directly into the soil or started indoors for later transplanting. The seeds should be sown in well-draining soil and kept moist until germination. The best time for planting is in the spring or early summer when the temperature is between 68-75°F. Once the seedlings have grown to a substantial size, they can be transplanted into their permanent location.
Cutting Propagation
Justicia viridis Forssk. can also be propagated through cuttings, which can be taken in the spring or early summer. Take a cutting of approximately 4-6 inches in length from the stem of the plant, making sure it has at least two leaves. Remove the lower leaves from the cutting, and dip the cut end into a rooting hormone. The cutting should then be planted in moist soil and placed in a warm and brightly lit location. Keep the soil moist until roots have developed, and after a few weeks, the cutting should start to grow new leaves.
Disease and Pest Management for Justicia viridis Forssk.
Justicia viridis Forssk., commonly known as the green shrimp plant, is a tropical evergreen shrub with attractive green foliage and showy shrimp-shaped flower spikes. Like all plants, Justicia viridis is susceptible to diseases and pests that can affect its health and vigor. Here are some of the most common diseases and pests that might affect this plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Root Rot: Overwatering and poorly-draining soil can lead to root rot, a fungal disease that causes the plant to wilt, yellow, and eventually die. To manage root rot, reduce watering frequency and ensure proper soil drainage by adding perlite or sand to the soil mix. Remove any infected plant parts and repot the plant in fresh soil.
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes brown spots on the plant's leaves. To manage leaf spot, avoid overhead watering, water the plant at the base, and remove any infected plant parts. Fungicidal sprays may also be effective in treating leaf spot.
Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that causes a white, powdery growth on the plant's leaves. To manage powdery mildew, increase air circulation around the plant, avoid overcrowding, and remove any infected plant parts. Fungicidal sprays may also be effective in treating powdery mildew.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small insects that feed on the plant's sap, causing yellowing, stunted growth, and honeydew secretion. To manage aphids, wash the plant with a strong stream of water, apply insecticidal soap or neem oil, and introduce natural predators such as ladybugs.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny insects that suck the plant's sap, causing yellow stippling and webbing on the leaves. To manage spider mites, wash the plant with a strong stream of water, apply insecticidal soap or neem oil, and increase humidity around the plant.
Thrips: Thrips are tiny insects that feed on the plant's flowers, causing deformities and discoloration. To manage thrips, remove any infected plant parts, introduce natural predators such as lacewings or minute pirate bugs, and apply insecticidal soap or neem oil.
By following these disease and pest management tips, you can help keep your Justicia viridis healthy, vibrant, and blooming for years to come.
