Origin
Justicia striata (Klotzsch) Bullock var. striata (Klotzsch) Bullock, commonly known as the shrimp plant, is a flowering plant species belonging to the family Acanthaceae. It is native to the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America, and the West Indies.
Common Names
Apart from shrimp plant, Justicia striata is also commonly known by other names, including bloodleaf, Jacobinia, Brazilian plume, and lollipop plant.
Uses
Justicia striata is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens and landscapes due to its striking and attractive flowers. It is also commonly grown in containers as a houseplant. The plant is known for its long-lasting, vibrant-colored flowers that bloom throughout the year in warm climates. Shrimp plant attracts hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies, making it an ideal plant for creating wildlife gardens. In traditional medicine, the leaves of Justicia striata are used to treat fevers, coughs, and skin diseases.
General Appearance
Justicia striata has a shrubby habit and reaches a height of up to 3-4 feet with a spread of 2-3 feet. It has an upright growth habit with multiple branches that forms a dense canopy. The plant has glossy, dark green leaves with serrated edges, measuring 3-5 inches long and 1-2 inches wide. The flowers are tubular and resemble the shape of shrimps, thus giving the plant its common name. The flowers appear in clusters at the end of the stems and are available in various colors such as white, pink, red, and orange.
Overall, Justicia striata is a versatile and captivating plant appreciated for its striking and long-lasting flowers, making it a popular choice in gardens and households.Light Requirements
Justicia striata requires bright, indirect light to thrive. It does not do well in direct sunlight, which can scorch its leaves. Partial shade or filtered sunlight is ideal for this plant.
Temperature Requirements
Justicia striata grows best in warm temperatures between 70-80°F (21-27°C). It cannot tolerate temperatures below 60°F (15°C) and should be protected from cold drafts.
Soil Requirements
Justicia striata grows best in loose, well-draining soil. A sandy loam or peat-based potting mix is recommended. The soil should be kept consistently moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot.
Fertilizer Requirements
Justicia striata benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season. A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer can be applied every 2-4 weeks. Avoid fertilizing during the dormant season.
Humidity Requirements
Justicia striata prefers moderate to high humidity levels. It can benefit from placing a humidifier or tray of water nearby. Alternatively, misting the foliage regularly can help to increase humidity.
Cultivation Methods
Justicia striata is a hardy plant that is relatively easy to grow and does well in tropical and sub-tropical climates. The plant does well in both full sun and partial shade, however, it prefers a well-draining soil that is rich in nutrients. If you are growing Justicia striata from seed, it is best to start seeds indoors and then transplant them outdoors once they have developed a few sets of leaves.
Watering Needs
Justicia striata preferentially grows in moist soil and requires regular watering to stay healthy and green. However, it is essential to avoid overwatering the plant, which can cause root rot and eventually lead to the death of the plant. Ensure that the top layer of soil is slightly dry before watering the plant again. During the rainy season, reduce the frequency of watering the plant as the soil will have sufficient water content.
Fertilization
Justicia striata requires regular fertilization, especially during the growing season, to support healthy growth and flowering. Fertilizers should be rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. A balanced fertilizer (20:20:20) can also be used. Composting can also be a good fertilizer for the plant. Use fertilizers once every two weeks.
Pruning
Pruning of Justicia striata involves the removal of dead and damaged leaves, flowers, and stems. Pinching of the new shoots can help encourage bushier growth and increase the number of flowers. During the growing season prune the plant regularly, preferably every three weeks.
Propagation of Justicia Striata (Klotzsch) Bullock var. Striata (Klotzsch) Bullock
Justicia striata (Klotzsch) Bullock var. striata (Klotzsch) Bullock is propagated both by seeds and vegetative methods. Here are some propagation methods of the plant:
Propagation by Seeds
The seeds of Justicia striata (Klotzsch) Bullock var. striata (Klotzsch) Bullock can be sown either directly in the field or in a seedbed. The seeds are small and should be sown on the surface of the soil mix or field at a distance of about 30 cm between each seed. Cover the seeds with a fine layer of soil mix (not more than 5 mm thick) to prevent them from being washed away. Water the soil regularly to keep it moist.
The seeds usually germinate within 1-2 weeks. Seedlings should be thinned out to allow space for growth.
Propagation by Vegetative Methods
Justicia striata (Klotzsch) Bullock var. striata (Klotzsch) Bullock can be propagated through vegetative methods as well. These methods include stem cuttings and division.
Stem Cuttings: Take stem cuttings from healthy plants in the spring or summer. Cuttings should be about 10-15 cm long and have a few leaves attached to them. Strip the leaves from the lower part of the cutting and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a pot or seedbed filled with moist soil mix, keeping it well-watered and in a shaded area until the roots have formed.
Division: Justicia striata (Klotzsch) Bullock var. striata (Klotzsch) Bullock can also be propagated by dividing mature plants. Divide the plant into smaller sections, making sure each section has some roots attached. Replant the divided sections in well-draining soil and water thoroughly.
Disease and Pest management for Justicia striata
Justicia striata is generally a hardy plant, not prone to diseases and pests. However, like all plants, it can be attacked by different pests and diseases that can affect its growth and productivity. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggestions on how to manage them:
Diseases
Leaf Spot: This is one of the most common diseases that affect Justicia striata. It is caused by a fungus that attacks the leaves, causing small, dark, and circular spots. To manage this disease, remove and destroy infected leaves and avoid overhead watering, which can encourage the spread of the fungus. Use fungicides such as copper-based fungicides to control the spread of the disease.
Root rot: This is a fungal disease that affects the roots of Justicia striata, causing them to rot. It is caused by overwatering, poor soil drainage, and high humidity. To manage root rot, improve soil drainage, reduce watering, and use fungicides such as Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis that are effective in controlling the root rot fungus.
Pests
Aphids: These are tiny insects that suck sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and deformation of leaves. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soaps or neem oil to kill the insects. Encourage natural predators like ladybugs to feed on the aphids.
Spider Mites: These are tiny pests that can cause severe damage to Justicia striata, causing yellowing of the leaves and defoliation. To manage spider mites, use insecticidal soaps or neem oil to control the pests. Increase humidity levels by misting the plant or placing a tray of water nearby to discourage spider mites.
By taking these simple steps, your Justicia striata plant can be kept healthy and free of pests and diseases.
