Overview of Justicia phlomoides Mildbr.
Justicia phlomoides Mildbr. is a species of flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is commonly known as 'Yellow Justicia' or 'Chingurutila' and is native to the Himalayas of Nepal, Bhutan, and India.
General Appearance
Justicia phlomoides Mildbr. is an erect perennial herb that can grow up to 60cm in height. Its stem is densely hairy and can be green or reddish-brown. The leaves are opposite, ovate-lanceolate, and slightly serrated, with a length of approximately 7-15cm and width of 2-6cm. The plant produces bright yellow, tubular flowers that bloom from late summer to early winter. The fruit is a capsule that contains small seeds.
Uses
Traditionally, Justicia phlomoides Mildbr. has been used in Ayurveda to treat a variety of ailments such as fever, cough, and diarrhea. The leaves and roots contain several bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. The plant's extracts have been studied for their potential use in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, and liver disorders. Some indigenous communities also use the plant for dyeing fabrics.
Light Requirements
Justicia phlomoides Mildbr. grows well in both full sun and partial shade. However, it prefers partial shade in hot and dry climates. As a general rule, it requires at least six hours of light per day for optimum growth.
Temperature Requirements
Justicia phlomoides Mildbr. is a subtropical plant that thrives in warm temperatures. It grows best in temperatures between 18°C (64°F) and 28°C (82°F). It can tolerate high temperatures up to 35°C (95°F) but not for prolonged periods. At temperatures below 10°C (50°F), the plant may suffer from frostbite and should be protected.
Soil Requirements
Justicia phlomoides Mildbr. thrives in well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. It prefers slightly acidic to neutral soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged. In arid regions, it is recommended to add a layer of mulch around the plant to retain moisture and keep the soil cool. It can also grow in poor soils as long as they are well-draining and have some organic matter added to them.
Cultivation methods
Justicia phlomoides Mildbr. is a hardy perennial plant that can tolerate a wide range of growing conditions. It grows well in full sun to partial shade and in various soil types, including loamy, sandy, and clay soils. The plant prefers well-draining soils and a soil pH of 6.0 to 7.5. It is generally propagated through seeds or stem cuttings.
Watering needs
The plant requires regular watering during the growing season, especially during periods of drought. Water the plant deeply once a week, and adjust the frequency based on the soil moisture level and weather conditions. Be careful not to overwater, as the plant is susceptible to root rot. Allow the soil to dry out slightly between watering sessions.
Fertilization
Justicia phlomoides Mildbr. benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season to promote healthy growth and vibrant blooms. Fertilize the plant with a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 or 20-20-20 formula, every two to four weeks. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for application rates and frequency.
Pruning
To promote bushy growth and prolong the blooming period, prune Justicia phlomoides Mildbr. regularly. Prune off any dead, damaged, or diseased stems and foliage as soon as possible, and cut back the plant by about a third of its height in late fall after it has finished blooming. This will help to rejuvenate the plant and prepare it for the next growing season.
Propagation of Justicia phlomoides Mildbr.
Justicia phlomoides Mildbr., also known as Yellow Justicia or Yellow Snake Herb, can be propagated by several methods, including:
Seed Propagation
The easiest and most common method of propagating Justicia phlomoides is through seeds. Collect seed pods from mature plants and allow them to dry before harvesting the seeds. Sow the seeds in a seed tray or pots containing sandy soil mix, then cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil. Water the seeds regularly and keep them in a warm, well-lit area. The seeds will germinate in around a week.
Cuttings Propagation
Justicia phlomoides can also be propagated by stem cuttings. Take cuttings from healthy stems of the parent plant, making sure they are about 3-4 inches in length and have a few leaves. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the stem and dip it in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in moist soil and cover it with a plastic bag or container to maintain humidity. After a few weeks of rooting, the cutting can be transferred to a pot with well-draining soil.
Division Propagation
Division propagation is another method of propagating Justicia phlomoides. This is done by digging up the parent plant and dividing the roots and stems into smaller sections. Replant the divided sections in well-draining soil and water them regularly.
Disease Management
Justicia phlomoides Mildbr. is prone to a few diseases. Here are some of the common ones and ways to manage them:
Root Rot
Root rot is caused by fungal infections often triggered by overwatering, poor draining soils or other physical injuries to the plant. Avoid overwatering, ensure the plant is grown in well-drained soil, and keep the garden clean of plant debris. Fungicide may be needed if the infection is severe.
Leaf Spot Diseases
Leaf spot is caused by fungal infections that attack the leaves of the plant and cause browning or blackening of the leaves. Remove infected leaves and prevent overcrowding of plants. Ensure that you give the plant enough water without overwatering. Chemical control is recommended for severe cases.
Pest Management
Justicia phlomoides Mildbr. is susceptible to a few pests. Here are some of the common ones and ways to manage them:
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny sucking pests that cause yellowing of the leaves. They reproduce quickly, and a serious infection can kill the plant. Control spider mites by cleaning the garden and using insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Mealybugs
Mealybugs feed on plant juices and can cause stunted growth and yellowing of the leaves. Control mealybugs by pruning infected leaves, cleaning the garden, and using insecticidal soap, neem oil, or insecticides.
