Origin
Justicia orbicularis (Lindau) V.A.W.Graham, also known as savannah water-willow, is a plant species indigenous to South America, mainly found in Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. It belongs to the Acanthaceae family of flowering plants.
Common Names
Aside from savannah water-willow, Justicia orbicularis has several other common names such as "pega-pega," "buva," "abuta," and "miru-oca" depending on the region where it is found.
Uses
Justicia orbicularis holds medicinal value, primarily used for treating digestive disorders, stomach aches, and diarrhea. In traditional medicine, the plant's leaves and roots are crushed and boiled to extract the active components and form a decoction to be used as an oral medication. It is also believed to have potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
General Appearance
It is a small, shrubby perennial plant that grows up to one meter in height. The leaves of Justicia orbicularis are arranged opposite each other on the stems and are oblong-shaped, with a length of about 15 cm and a width of 6 cm. The stem is smooth, and the blooms are small, tubular, and purple to lilac in color, arranged in spikes at the tips of branches. The plant typically grows in shaded or partly shaded areas and requires a regular water supply.
Light Requirements
The Justicia orbicularis plant requires bright, indirect sunlight to thrive. It should be placed in a location that receives at least 4 hours of sunlight per day. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves of the plant.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the Justicia orbicularis is between 60-75°F (15-24°C). It is important to avoid sudden drops or spikes in temperature, as it can affect the plant's growth and lead to damage. The plant can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures during winter dormancy.
Soil Requirements
The Justicia orbicularis plant prefers well-draining soil with a pH range between 5.5-6.5. It requires moist soil, but not waterlogged soil. The addition of organic matter, such as peat moss or compost, can improve the soil structure and provide necessary nutrients for the plant.
Fertilizer Requirements
To promote healthy growth, the Justicia orbicularis plant should be fertilized every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer). A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer with equal parts nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be used. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for the correct dosage and application frequency.
Cultivation methods for Justicia orbicularis (Lindau) V.A.W.Graham
Justicia orbicularis (Lindau) V.A.W.Graham can be cultivated in pots or directly in the ground. It prefers well-draining soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5. The ideal temperature range for its growth is between 20 to 30°C with high humidity, making it suitable for growing in greenhouse environments. The plant requires ample sunlight to thrive and should be placed in a location where it receives at least 6-8 hours of bright, indirect sunlight.
Watering needs for Justicia orbicularis (Lindau) V.A.W.Graham
The watering needs of Justicia orbicularis (Lindau) V.A.W.Graham are moderate. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Water the plant when the soil becomes dry to the touch. During the growing season, the plant may require more frequent watering. However, overwatering should be avoided, as it can cause root rot.
Fertilization of Justicia orbicularis (Lindau) V.A.W.Graham
Justicia orbicularis (Lindau) V.A.W.Graham benefits from regular fertilization. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal portions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Fertilize the plant every two weeks during the growing season. However, avoid overfertilizing as it can lead to salt buildup in the soil, causing root damage.
Pruning of Justicia orbicularis (Lindau) V.A.W.Graham
Justicia orbicularis (Lindau) V.A.W.Graham requires pruning to maintain its shape and promote bushier growth. Pruning is best done in early spring before the start of the growing season. Use a sharp, sterile pair of pruning shears to cut back the stems to a desirable length. You can also pinch back the tips of the branches throughout the growing season to encourage bushier growth. Remove any dead or diseased branches as soon as they appear to prevent the spread of disease.
Propagation of Justicia orbicularis
Justicia orbicularis can be propagated by various methods, including seeds, stem cuttings, and division.
Propagation by seeds
Propagation of Justicia orbicularis through seeds is a viable option, although it requires patience and careful attention. Seeds must be harvested when they are mature and fully-developed. They can be sown in seedling trays filled with a well-draining potting mix, covered with a thin layer of soil, and kept moist. Seeds take a variable amount of time to germinate, but they typically take around two to four weeks. Once the seedlings are large enough, they can be transplanted into their permanent locations.
Propagation by stem cuttings
Propagation by stem cuttings is another popular method to grow Justicia orbicularis. Cuttings must be taken from the parent plant and should be at least six inches long. They must be dipped in rooting hormone and placed in a well-draining potting mix. The cuttings should be kept moist and should develop roots in about four to six weeks. Once the roots are established, they can be transplanted into their permanent locations.
Propagation by division
Propagation by division involves separating the parent plant into smaller sections and planting them individually. This method is especially appropriate when the parent plant is large and has multiple stems. The parent plant should be dug up carefully, and the root ball should be carefully divided into smaller sections using a sharp and sterile tool. Each section should have a few stems and roots attached. The sections can be replanted individually and should be well-watered until they are established.
Disease and Pest Management for Justicia orbicularis (Lindau) V.A.W.Graham
Justicia orbicularis (Lindau) V.A.W.Graham, commonly known as the rounded clockvine, is a flowering plant known for its stunning orange and yellow flowers. Like any other plant, it is susceptible to disease and pest infestations.
Common Diseases
1. Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease is characterized by a white powdery coating on the leaves and stems of the plant. It can cause stunted growth and even death of the plant. To manage powdery mildew, use a fungicide spray or remove affected plant parts immediately.
2. Root Rot: This disease is caused by various fungi that infect the roots of the plant. It can cause wilting, yellowing of leaves and eventually death. To avoid root rot, ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering. If your plant is already infected, consider using a fungicide or replanting in fresh soil.
Common Pests
1. Spider Mites: These tiny, sucking pests can cause yellowing and curling of leaves. To manage spider mites, wash the plant with soapy water or use a pesticide. Also, consider pruning affected parts of the plant.
2. Whiteflies: These sap-sucking insects can cause yellowing of leaves and often leave behind a sticky residue. To manage whiteflies, use a pesticide or insecticidal soap. Consider placing sticky traps around the plant to capture the adult flies.
3. Aphids: These small insects feed on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing and distortion of leaves. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap or a natural predator, such as ladybugs. Also, consider pruning affected parts of the plant.
Regularly inspecting your plant for diseases and pests can help you detect and manage any infestations early on. Proper care, including adequate water, sunlight, and nutrition, will also help keep your Justicia orbicularis healthy and resilient against pests and diseases.
