Overview
Jasminum azoricum auct. non L. is an evergreen species of shrub that belongs to the Oleaceae family. It is also known as the Madeiran jasmine, and is native to the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo in Portugal.Appearance
The Madeiran jasmine is a compact shrub that can grow up to 1.5 meters tall. It has waxy, dark green, oval-shaped leaves, and its fragrant white or cream-colored flowers bloom in the summer. The flowers have five to nine lobes and are tubular in shape. They are clustered together in small groups and are about 1 inch in diameter.Uses
The Madeiran jasmine is often grown in gardens and used as a decorative plant due to its fragrant flowers. The flowers are also used in perfumes and essential oils because of their scent. The plant can be propagated by stem cuttings or layering. In Madeira, the plant is used in traditional medicine to treat infections, respiratory illnesses, and rheumatism. The leaves, flowers, and stems are boiled to make a tea, which is consumed for medicinal purposes.Common Names
The Madeiran jasmine has several common names, including: - Jasminum azoricum auct. non L. - Madeiran jasmine - Portuguese jasmine - Azorean jasmine - White jasmineLight Requirements
Jasminum azoricum thrives in full sunlight or partial shade. It requires at least four hours of direct sunlight every day. Indoors, it is advisable to place the plant near a window or under artificial lighting with a timer set to simulate natural sunlight for about six hours a day.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is well adapted to warm temperatures. Temperatures ranging from 18-22 °C (65-72 °F) are ideal for it to maintain healthy growth and bloom. A minimum temperature of 10 °C (50 °F) is necessary for the plant to survive during winters.
Soil Requirements
Jasminum azoricum grows in well-drained soil that is fertile and rich in organic matter. A pH range of 6-7 is ideal for maximum growth and flowering. A soil mixture made up of garden soil, sand, and compost in a ratio of 2:1:1 respectively is recommended. The plant, however, doesn't fare well in waterlogged soils.
Cultivation methods for Jasminum azoricum
Jasminum azoricum is a versatile plant that can grow in various soil types, including sandy and loamy soils. It thrives in well-draining soils that are rich in nutrients and organic matter. The plant grows best in regions with a Mediterranean climate that have mild winters and warm summers.
To grow Jasminum azoricum, ensure that it gets enough sunlight, preferably six hours of direct sunlight every day. The plant can grow in partial shade, but it will not bloom as profusely as it would in bright sunlight.
Watering needs for Jasminum azoricum
Jasminum azoricum thrives in consistently moist soils, but ensure that you do not overwater it. Water the plant when the top inch of the soil is dry, and avoid letting the soil dry completely as it will cause the plant to wilt. During hot seasons, water the plant more frequently than during the cooler seasons.
Ensure that you water the plant at its base to avoid splashing water on its leaves, which can cause fungal diseases.
Fertilization for Jasminum azoricum
Jasminum azoricum grows best when fertilized every four weeks during the growing season. Use a balanced fertilizer that has an equal amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Avoid fertilizing the plant in the winter, as the growth rate slows down during this period.
Pruning for Jasminum azoricum
Jasminum azoricum requires pruning to keep it in shape and encourage healthy growth. Prune the plant after it finishes flowering to control its size and shape. Remove any dead, diseased, or damaged branches, and make cuts above the node.
Avoid pruning the plant extensively as it can affect its ability to bloom. Flower buds form on old wood, and excessive pruning can reduce the number of flower buds.
Propagation of Jasminum azoricum
Jasminum azoricum is commonly propagated by seed, cuttings, and layering.
Propagation by Seed
The best time to sow seeds is in the spring, as soon as they are ripe. The seeds should be sown in a mixture of peat and sand, and kept at a temperature of around 20°C. Germination usually takes around three weeks.
Propagation by Cuttings
Softwood cuttings should be taken in the summer from the current year's growth. The cuttings should be around 12cm long and should be taken from healthy plants. They should be dipped in hormone rooting powder and placed in a mixture of peat and sand and kept in a humid environment at a temperature of around 20°C. The cuttings should develop roots within six weeks and can then be transplanted into individual pots.
Propagation by Layering
Layering is a technique where a low-hanging branch is bent down to the ground and covered with soil. After around six months, the branch should have developed roots. The new plant can then be separated from the parent plant and transplanted.
Disease and Pest Management for Jasminum Azoricum
Jasminum azoricum, commonly known as the Azores Jasmine, is a beautiful and popular plant due to its fragrant flowers. However, like any other plant, it is prone to various diseases and pests. Here are some common problems you might encounter while taking care of Jasminum azoricum and their respective management methods.
Diseases
Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a white powdery substance on the leaves and stems. It is caused by a combination of high humidity and poor air circulation. Management includes pruning affected areas, increasing air circulation, and reducing humidity levels.
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is caused by a fungus that creates spots of varying shapes and colors on the leaves. To prevent the spread of infection, remove and dispose of infected leaves and apply a fungicide as per instructions.
Root Rot: Root rot is caused by a soil-borne fungus that leads to the decay of roots. It can be prevented by ensuring good drainage and by avoiding over-watering the plant.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small insects that suck sap from the leaves, leading to stunted growth and curled leaves. They can be managed by regularly spraying the plant with a strong jet of water or insecticidal soap.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that cause yellow speckles on the leaves and produce fine webbing. Management includes spraying the plant with insecticidal soap, increasing humidity levels around the plant, and pruning affected areas.
Whiteflies: Whiteflies resemble tiny white moths and are generally found on the underside of the leaves. They suck plant sap and cause yellowing of the leaves. Use insecticidal soap or sticky traps to keep their population in check.
Proper care and maintenance are essential in preventing diseases and pests in Jasminum azoricum. Regularly inspecting the plant and taking preventative measures can go a long way in keeping your plant healthy and free of pests and diseases.
