Origin
Isomacrolobium isopetalum (Harms) Aubrév. & Pellegr. is a plant species that belongs to the Fabaceae family. The plant is native to West and Central Africa, specifically found in countries like Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, and Nigeria.
Common Names
The plant is commonly referred to as "Ngitili" in Swahili, "Kpashima" in Yoruba, and "Egungun" in Igbo.
Uses
Isomacrolobium isopetalum has various uses in African traditional medicine. The plant's bark and root are used to treat various ailments, including diarrhea and stomach problems. The leaves of the plant can be used as an insecticide or for treating skin problems. Additionally, the plant's wood is used for furniture and construction purposes.
General Appearance
Isomacrolobium isopetalum is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 20 meters in height. The tree has smooth and greyish bark, and the leaves are pinnate with a length of about 10-25cm. The flowers are yellow-green and appear in clusters, while the fruits are flat pods, about 10-20 cm long, and contain several seeds.
Growth Conditions of Isomacrolobium isopetalum
Isomacrolobium isopetalum (Harms) Aubrév. & Pellegr. is a plant that requires specific growth conditions to thrive. Here are some essential elements for the growth of Isomacrolobium isopetalum:
Light
Isomacrolobium isopetalum grows well in a range of light conditions, from full sun to partial shade. However, it is important to note that too much direct sunlight can damage the plant, so it is best to provide some shade during the hottest parts of the day.
Temperature
Isomacrolobium isopetalum requires a warm and humid environment to grow properly. Ideal temperatures for growth are between 25-30°C, making it well-suited to tropical and subtropical climates. Extreme temperatures can be harmful to the plant, so it is best to avoid exposing it to temperatures below 10°C or above 40°C.
Soil Requirements
The soil requirements for Isomacrolobium isopetalum are very specific. It thrives in well-draining, fertile soils that are rich in organic matter. The pH level of the soil should be slightly acidic, ranging from 5.5 to 6.5. The plant is sensitive to salt, so it is best to avoid soils with a high salt content.
Overall, Isomacrolobium isopetalum can be a delicate plant that requires specific environmental conditions to grow, so it's important to pay close attention to its needs to ensure its optimum growth and development.
Cultivation of Isomacrolobium isopetalum
Isomacrolobium isopetalum is a subtropical tree that can grow up to 15 meters tall. It prefers areas with well-drained soils and full sun exposure, but it can also tolerate partial shade. The best time to plant is during the rainy season when the soil is moist.
Watering Needs of Isomacrolobium isopetalum
Isomacrolobium isopetalum requires regular watering, especially during the dry season. The soil should not be allowed to dry out completely, but it also should not be saturated with water. The frequency of watering should be adjusted according to the weather conditions and the soil moisture level.
Fertilization of Isomacrolobium isopetalum
Isomacrolobium isopetalum does not require much fertilizer, but it can benefit from the occasional application of organic or slow-release fertilizers. The best time to fertilize is during the growing season, and the amount should be adjusted according to the tree's size and age.
Pruning of Isomacrolobium isopetalum
Pruning is not necessary for Isomacrolobium isopetalum, but it can be done to remove dead or damaged branches and to shape the tree. The best time to prune is during the dormant season in winter, but minor pruning can be done throughout the year. It is important to sterilize the pruning tools before and after use to prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Isomacrolobium isopetalum
Isomacrolobium isopetalum (Harms) Aubrév. & Pellegr., locally known as "angalafu" in Tanzania, is a plant primarily found in East Africa. It is a fast-growing large tree, with a height of up to 20 meters, making it perfect for reforestation and agroforestry purposes. Propagation of Isomacrolobium isopetalum can be done by seeds or vegetative methods.
Propagation by seeds
Propagating Isomacrolobium isopetalum by seeds is the most common method. The seeds should be collected from mature pods, which are usually found on the tree between March and April. The seeds should be cracked open and soaked in water for at least 12 hours before sowing. Sowing should be done in a well-prepared seedbed with soil that is rich in organic matter. The seedbed should be watered regularly, and the seedlings should be transplanted to their permanent location after six months.
Vegetative propagation
Vegetative propagation can be done through stem cuttings or layering. Stem cuttings should be taken from mature trees during the rainy season. They should be treated with rooting hormones and planted in a well-prepared bed filled with sand and compost. The cuttings should be kept moist and in a shaded area until roots develop, which can take up to six months. Layering can also be done by bending a low-hanging branch, wounding the bark, and covering it with soil. Roots will develop at the point of contact with soil, and the new plant can be separated from the parent plant after six months.
Disease and Pest Management for Isomacrolobium isopetalum
Isomacrolobium isopetalum is a resilient plant, but it can succumb to certain diseases and pests. Here's how to manage them:
Diseases
Leaf Spot Anthracnose: This disease is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum, and it causes yellowish spots on the leaves of the plant, which eventually turn to brown lesions. To manage it, remove infected leaves and debris from around the plant and apply a copper-based fungicide.
Powdery Mildew: This disease is caused by the fungus Erysiphe and It causes a white, powdery coating to appear on the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage it, remove infected leaves, increase airflow around the plant and apply fungicides containing potassium bicarbonate, neem oil or sulfur.
Pests
Spider Mites: These tiny insects can be a major problem for Isomacrolobium isopetalum. they create webs between leaves and stunt growth. To manage them, spray the plant with water to dislodge them, and apply insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Aphids: These small insects cluster on the upperside of young leaves and can weaken the plant by sucking sap and spreading viruses. To manage them, remove the infested leaves physically or spray the plants with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Scale Insects: These insects suck sap and excrete a sticky substance (honeydew) which attracts sooty molds. To manage them, use cotton swabs with rubbing alcohol or neem oil, or scrape them off manually with a sharp object.
Following these disease and pest management tips can save your Isomacrolobium isopetalum from serious damage and promote a healthy plant.
