Origin and Common Names
Ipomoea sulphurea Hochst. ex Choisy forma deltoidea Roberty, also known as the yellow morning glory, is a flowering plant that is native to Africa. The plant is commonly found in tropical and subtropical areas of the continent, including Madagascar, Mozambique, Tanzania, and South Africa. The yellow morning glory goes by several other common names, such as the sulphur morning glory, yellow moonflower, and yellow star morning glory.Uses
The yellow morning glory has a few medicinal uses, particularly in Africa. Different parts of the plant are used to treat various ailments, such as fever, inflammation, and digestive issues. The roots of the plant are also used to treat snake bites and scorpion stings. Aside from its medicinal properties, the plant is also used in several cultural practices and rituals. For instance, the plant is used in the preparation of a traditional beer in Zimbabwe and is also used in some African cultures to ward off evil spirits.General Appearance
The yellow morning glory is a climbing vine that can grow up to 3 meters in length. The leaves of the plant are heart-shaped and are usually around 5-15 cm in size. The flowers of the plant are a vibrant yellow color, with a funnel-shaped corolla that is around 5 cm in diameter. The flower also has a five-pointed star shape, which adds to its beauty. The plant blooms from late spring to early fall, and each flower only lasts for a day before shriveling up and falling off. The yellow morning glory's seed pods are oblong and measure about 1 cm in length.Light requirements
Ipomoea sulphurea Hochst. ex Choisy forma deltoidea Roberty prefers full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. It requires a minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight daily to thrive.
Temperature requirements
The plant grows well in warm temperatures between 20°C to 30°C. It is sensitive to cold temperatures and cannot tolerate frost. Therefore, it is only suitable for growing in warm climates.
Soil requirements
The plant flourishes in well-draining, fertile soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil pH should be between 6.0 and 7.5, slightly acidic to neutral. It cannot grow in poorly drained or waterlogged soils.
Water requirements
The plant requires moderate watering when the soil dries out. It cannot tolerate drought, and therefore, it is important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot and damage the plant.
Fertilizer requirements
The plant requires regular fertilization with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season to promote growth and flowering. Overfertilization can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowering.
Cultivation methods
Ipomoea sulphurea Hochst. ex Choisy forma deltoidea Roberty, commonly known as the sulphur morning glory, requires full sun to grow correctly. The plant thrives in well-drained soil with pH levels ranging from neutral to slightly acidic. It can grow in various soil types, including sandy and loamy soils. Sulphur morning glory plants prefer warmer temperatures and can tolerate heat as high as 80 – 85°F.
Watering needs
Watering sulphur morning glory plants should be done regularly to ensure that the soil remains moist. However, the soil must not be waterlogged as it may cause root rot. This plant requires frequent watering during the hot and dry months to prevent wilting. During cooler seasons, it can tolerate slightly drier soil. Also, overhead watering should be avoided as it may lead to fungal infections.
Fertilization
Sulphur morning glory plants require regular fertilization to promote their growth and blooming. A balanced fertilizer with equal proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be applied every two to three weeks during the growing season. It's also vital to ensure they get enough micronutrients, including magnesium, iron, and calcium.
Pruning
Pruning sulphur morning glory plants is necessary to control their growth and maintain their appearance. It helps to promote bushiness and more blooms. Pruning should be done early in the growing season before the plant has started blooming. Once the plant starts to flower, deadheading spent blooms regularly will encourage more flowers to develop. When pruning, always use sanitized pruning shears to prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Ipomoea sulphurea Hochst. ex Choisy forma deltoidea Roberty
Propagation of Ipomoea sulphurea Hochst. ex Choisy forma deltoidea Roberty is typically achieved through various methods including seeds, cuttings, and tubers.
Seeds
One of the most common propagation methods for Ipomoea sulphurea Hochst. ex Choisy forma deltoidea Roberty is through seeds. The seeds should preferably be planted in well-draining soil, in an area with ample sunlight. Before planting, the seeds should be soaked in water for some time to improve moisture levels. Germination typically occurs in two to three weeks.
Cuttings
Another propagation method for Ipomoea sulphurea Hochst. ex Choisy forma deltoidea Roberty is through stem cuttings. The cuttings should be taken from softwood growth, typically in early to mid-summer. The cuttings should be around 3 to 4 inches in length and should be dipped in rooting hormone before planting in well-draining soil. The cuttings should also be kept moist and in an area with enough light until they are established.
Tubers
Propagation of Ipomoea sulphurea Hochst. ex Choisy forma deltoidea Roberty can also be done through tubers. The tubers can be cut into small sections, each with a bud, and then planted in well-draining soil. The soil should be kept moist until roots have established.
Disease Management
Ipomoea sulphurea Hochst. ex Choisy forma deltoidea Roberty is susceptible to various diseases that can significantly reduce plant growth and productivity. The most common diseases that might affect this plant include:
Leaf Spot
Leaf spot is a fungal disease caused by the pathogen Cercospora ipomoeae. It causes the formation of small, round, grayish or brown spots on leaves, which can coalesce and lead to premature leaf drop. To manage this disease, affected leaves should be removed and destroyed. Additionally, application of a copper-based fungicide can effectively control the spread of the disease.
Root Rot
Root rot is a disease caused by a group of soil-borne fungi, including Fusarium and Rhizoctonia. It causes the roots to become decayed and black, leading to plant wilting and death. To manage root rot, it is essential to maintain good soil drainage and avoid over-irrigation. Additionally, affected plants should be removed and destroyed, while fungicides can be applied to protect healthy plants from infection.
Pest Management
Ipomoea sulphurea Hochst. ex Choisy forma deltoidea Roberty can also be affected by various pests that can cause significant damage to the plant. Common pests that might affect this plant include:
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny pests that suck sap from leaves, causing them to turn yellow and drop prematurely. They are common in dry and hot weather. To manage spider mites, affected plants should be sprayed with a strong stream of water to remove the pests from the leaves. Additionally, predatory mites or insecticidal soaps can be applied to control their population.
Whiteflies
Whiteflies are tiny insects that feed on plant sap and excrete a sticky substance called honeydew, which attracts ants and promotes the growth of sooty mold. To manage whiteflies, affected plants should be sprayed with neem oil or insecticidal soap, which can effectively control their population. Additionally, yellow sticky traps can be used to capture and monitor their presence.
