Origin
Ipomoea coscinosperma Hochst. ex Choisy var. glabra Rendle, commonly referred to as rough-seeded morning glory, is a plant species that is native to Africa. The plant is mostly found in the eastern and southern regions of the continent.
Common Names
The rough-seeded morning glory plant is known by different common names depending on the region. Some of the names include Isihlaza in Zulu, umgwenya in Xhosa, and umondwe at Ndebele. However, the plant is commonly referred to as the rough-seeded morning glory due to its characteristic rough seeds.
Uses
The rough-seeded morning glory plant has various uses in African traditional medicine. The plant's leaves, roots, and stem extracts are used as remedies for various ailments such as headaches and stomach disorders. Also, the roots serve as a purgative to treat constipation, while the plant infusion is given to women to induce labor.
Moreover, the rough-seeded morning glory plant has both nutritional and commercial uses. Its leaves are a source of vegetable protein and have high nutrient content. Additionally, the plant's seeds and leaves are used for dyeing textiles and hair, respectively.
General Appearance
The rough-seeded morning glory plant is an annual climbing herb that can grow up to 3 meters in height. The stem is long, slender, and twining, while the leaves are heart-shaped and measure 5-15 cm long. The flowers are funnel-shaped and colored purple or pink, and the seed capsules have a rough surface, which gives rise to the plant's rough-seeded name.
Light Requirements
The plant Ipomoea coscinosperma Hochst. ex Choisy var. glabra Rendle thrives in full sunlight exposure. To ensure proper growth and blooming, it is advisable to place the plant outdoors where it can receive at least six hours of sunlight daily.
Temperature Requirements
Ideally, the plant requires a warm environment with temperatures ranging from 21°C (70°F) to 32°C (90°F). The plant cannot tolerate frost or temperatures below 10°C (50°F). When grown indoors, it is crucial to provide a warm and stable environment to support healthy growth.
Soil Requirements
The Ipomoea coscinosperma Hochst. ex Choisy var. glabra Rendle plant requires well-draining soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter and fertile. The plant thrives in sandy loam or clay loam soils that have good water retention abilities. Adding compost to the soil before planting can improve the soil structure and nutrient content of the soil, making it ideal for the plant's growth.
Cultivation Methods
Ipomoea coscinosperma is native to Tanzania and Kenya, and it thrives in tropical regions. For successful cultivation, it requires fertile, well-drained soil. The plant grows best in full sun, as it relies heavily on photosynthesis to gain energy. It is recommended to plant the seeds in early spring or in the fall after the last frost.
Watering Needs
The watering needs for Ipomoea coscinosperma vary based on its soil, weather, and exposure to sunlight. It is important to keep the soil evenly moist during the growing season, particularly when the plant is young, to ensure proper root development. However, be cautious not to over-water the plant, which can cause root rot. During hot, dry weather, it may be necessary to water the plant frequently.
Fertilization
Ipomoea coscinosperma requires a balanced fertilizer with equal portions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. A slow-releasing fertilizer can be applied in early spring to promote healthy growth and development. It is important not to over-fertilize the plant, as this can result in excessive foliage growth and reduced flowering.
Pruning
Pruning Ipomoea coscinosperma is necessary to encourage bushy growth and promote flowering. The plant should be pruned in early spring before new growth appears, removing any dead or diseased branches. It may be necessary to prune throughout the growing season to prevent the plant from becoming too leggy or overgrown. Additionally, removing spent flowers will encourage the production of new blooms.
Propagation of Ipomoea coscinosperma Hochst. ex Choisy var. glabra Rendle
Ipomoea coscinosperma Hochst. ex Choisy var. glabra Rendle can be propagated through both seeds and cuttings. Here are the details for each propagation method:
Propagation through Seeds
The seeds of Ipomoea coscinosperma Hochst. ex Choisy var. glabra Rendle can be collected from the matured fruit capsules. The seeds can be sown immediately after collection or stored in a cool and dry place for later use. Before sowing, the seeds can be soaked in water for 24 hours to soften the hard seed coat. Sow the seeds in well-draining nutrient-rich soil. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and keep the soil moist. The seeds will germinate in 7-14 days, depending on the temperature and moisture levels. Once the seedlings have developed a few leaves, they can be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the garden.
Propagation through Cuttings
Propagation through cuttings is a faster and more reliable method for Ipomoea coscinosperma Hochst. ex Choisy var. glabra Rendle. Cut a 4-6 inch long stem from a healthy plant using a sharp and sterilized knife. Remove the leaves from the lower half of the stem. Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone powder, which will help stimulate the growth of new roots. Insert the stem cutting into well-draining soil and keep the soil moist. Cover the pot with a plastic bag to increase humidity and create a greenhouse-like environment. The cutting should root within 2-4 weeks. Once the new plant has grown to a decent size, it can be transplanted outdoors into a sunny area with well-draining soil.
Disease Management
Ipomoea coscinosperma Hochst. ex Choisy var. glabra Rendle is susceptible to various diseases, including:
- Viral diseases: These diseases are caused by viruses and are spread by insects or contaminated equipment. Symptoms include yellowing, stunting, leaf mottling, and in severe cases, plant death. Planting virus-resistant cultivars, removing infected plants, and controlling insects can help prevent viral diseases.
- Fungal diseases: These diseases are caused by fungi and can spread via water, wind, or contaminated soil. Symptoms include discoloration, wilting, leaf spots, and fruit rot. Proper plant spacing, pruning, and removing infected plant parts can help prevent fungal diseases. Fungicides can also be used if necessary.
Pest Management
Ipomoea coscinosperma Hochst. ex Choisy var. glabra Rendle can be vulnerable to various pests, including:
- Aphids: These small insects can cluster on leaves, causing curling and distortion. They can also transmit viruses. Regular monitoring and the use of insecticidal soap or neem oil can help control aphids.
- Mites: These microscopic pests suck plant juices, causing leaves to yellow and distort. They can also produce webbing. Regular monitoring and the use of insecticidal soap, neem oil, or horticultural oil can help control mites.
- Cutworms: These caterpillars cut through stems at the soil level, causing young plants to wilt and die. Placing collars around seedlings or using insecticides can help control cutworms.
