Indigastrum parviflorum (B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn.) Schrire var. parviflorum
Indigastrum parviflorum, commonly known as Ranvir Singh, is a flowering plant in the Rubiaceae family. It is native to India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Pakistan. It can be found growing in forests, along the river banks and in the foothills of the Himalayas.
General Appearance
The plant features small, evergreen leaves that grow in opposite pairs along the stem. The leaves are oblong or elliptical in shape with a glossy finish. The stem is woody and can grow up to 2.5 meters in height. The flowers of the plant are small and white or pinkish in color. The flowers are borne in clusters at the end of branches and are about 1.5 cm in diameter. The plant also produces small, fleshy fruits that are black or purple in color with a sweet, juicy pulp inside.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as Ranvir Singh in India. It is also known as Small-flowered Indigastrum.
Uses
The plant is used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as fever, cough, cold, and inflammation. The leaves of the plant are used to make a decoction that is consumed to provide relief from these conditions. The fruit of the plant is also eaten as a refreshing snack and is said to have a cooling effect on the body during hot weather. The wood of the plant is used as fuel and in the construction of houses and furniture.
Light Requirements
Indigastrum parviflorum requires full to partial sunlight to grow. This plant cannot thrive in heavy shade or very dark environments. It is best to place it in a place where it can get at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
Indigastrum parviflorum prefers warm temperatures and is not frost-tolerant. The plant's optimal temperature range is between 18-35°C (65-95°F). It can survive in low temperatures for a brief period, but if the temperature falls below 10°C (50°F) for an extended period, it may die.
Soil Requirements
Indigastrum parviflorum prefers well-drained and nutrient-rich soil, although it is quite adaptable and can thrive in various soil types, ranging from sandy to clayey soils. The plant's roots will suffocate if the soil is too waterlogged or if the soil drainage is inadequate. A pH range of 6-7.5 is ideal for this plant.
Cultivation Methods
Indigastrum parviflorum is a tropical evergreen shrub, which can grow up to 2 meters in height and 1.5 meters in width. It prefers full sun to partial shade and well-draining soil. It is advisable to plant the shrub in springtime, and the ideal temperature for its growth is between 25°C to 30°C. Before planting, it is essential to prepare the soil adequately by mixing sand and organic matter.
Watering Needs
Indigastrum parviflorum requires moderate watering, and the soil should be kept evenly moist. Avoid over-watering as it can lead to root rot, which will harm the plant. During the hotter months, the plant may require slightly more frequent watering, particularly if it is situated in full sun. It is important to note that water quality, such as high salinity levels, can lead to leaf scorching, and it is advisable to use distilled water to prevent this problem.
Fertilization
Indigastrum parviflorum prefers well-balanced fertilizers with a 20-20-20 ratio, and it should be applied during the growing season. The fertilizers should be applied at half strength once in two weeks, and each application should be preceded by watering. Always make sure to avoid fertilizing the plant during dormant periods as it may cause yellowing, dropping of leaves, or damage to the roots.
Pruning
Pruning helps to shape and maintain the size of the Indigastrum parviflorum shrub. It typically involves the removal of dead, diseased, or crossed branches. The best time for pruning is after the blooming season, and it should be done using sharp and sterilized equipment to reduce the risk of infection. Additionally, it is essential to avoid pruning more than one-third of the plant as it can affect its growth and flowering potential.
Propagation methods for Indigastrum parviflorum var. parviflorum:
Indigastrum parviflorum var. parviflorum can be propagated using both sexual and asexual modes of propagation. Below are some of the methods used for propagating this plant:
Sexual Propagation:
The sexual mode of propagation involves the use of seeds to grow new plants. The plant produces small, black seeds that can be collected when they are mature. The seeds should be sown immediately after collection as they have a short viability period. Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked in water for 24 hours to aid in germination. Once the seeds have soaked, they should be sown in well-drained soil and covered with a thin layer of soil, then watered.
The soil should be kept moist until the seeds germinate, which should take about three to four weeks. Once the seedlings are established, they should be thinned to avoid overcrowding. They can then be transplanted to their permanent positions.
Asexual Propagation:
Asexual propagation involves the use of vegetative plant parts to grow new plants. Some of the methods used for asexual propagation of Indigastrum parviflorum var. parviflorum include:
Stem cuttings:
Stem cuttings are taken from a healthy parent plant and planted in well-drained soil. The cuttings should be about 15-20 cm long and should have at least three leaves. The lower leaves should be removed, and the stem should be dipped in a rooting hormone to aid in rooting. The cuttings should be planted in a well-drained soil mixture, and the soil should be kept moist until the cuttings root, which should take about three to four weeks. Once rooted, the cuttings can be transplanted into their permanent positions.
Division:
The plant can also be propagated by division. Mature plants can be lifted, and the roots can be separated into sections using a sharp knife. The sections should have healthy roots and shoots. The divisions can be replanted in well-drained soil and kept moist until they establish, which should take about two to three weeks.
Disease and Pest Management for Indigastrum parviflorum (B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn.) Schrire var. parviflorum
Indigastrum parviflorum is a rare and hardy plant that typically doesn't face many issues with disease or pests. However, like all plants, it is still susceptible to certain problems if not cared for properly.
Common diseases that might affect Indigastrum parviflorum
One of the most common diseases that might affect Indigastrum parviflorum is root rot. This typically occurs when the soil is too damp and does not allow proper drainage. To prevent root rot, ensure the soil is well-draining and water the plant only when the top inch of soil is dry.
Fungal diseases such as powdery mildew or leaf spot are also a possibility, especially in humid conditions. To prevent fungal diseases, make sure to provide adequate air circulation and avoid overhead watering. Fungicides may be used if necessary, following manufacturer instructions.
Common pests that might affect Indigastrum parviflorum
Indigastrum parviflorum is relatively pest-resistant, but there are still a few common pests that may be a problem.
One of the most common pests that might affect Indigastrum parviflorum is spider mites. These tiny insects can cause yellowing of the leaves, stunted growth, and eventual leaf drop. To prevent spider mites, make sure to provide adequate humidity and avoid over-fertilizing. Insecticidal soap or neem oil may be used to control spider mites.
Another common pest is mealybugs, which can cause leaf yellowing and a sticky residue on the plant. To prevent mealybugs, inspect plants regularly for any signs of infestation and isolate any infected plants. Neem oil or insecticidal soap may be used to control mealybugs.
Overall, maintaining a healthy and well-cared-for plant is the best way to prevent and manage any potential disease or pest issues with Indigastrum parviflorum.
