Description of Hypogymnia inactiva
Hypogymnia inactiva (Krog) from the family Parmeliaceae is a lichenized species commonly found in North America and parts of Europe. The species was first documented by Krog in 1968 and later given the name Hypogymnia inactiva by Ohlsson in 1971. It has several common names, including Flat Hypogymnia, Inactive Lobe Lichen, and Grey Lung Lichen.
General Appearance of Hypogymnia inactiva
Hypogymnia inactiva has a unique appearance that sets it apart from other lichens. The plant has dark brown to olive green upper surfaces with pale undersides. The lobes of this lichen are flat, shiny, and broad, measuring 3-10 mm in width. The thallus ranges from tightly adnate to loosely attached, and the species ranges from 3-10 cm in length.
Uses of Hypogymnia inactiva
Hypogymnia inactiva has several ecological uses. As a foliose lichen, it serves as a source of food and habitat for a variety of invertebrates, including insects, snails, and spiders. The species is also an indicator of air pollution, as it is sensitive to high levels of nitrogen. In addition, some indigenous cultures use this species as a traditional medicine for treating respiratory problems, including bronchitis and asthma.
In conclusion, Hypogymnia inactiva is a unique lichen with a distinct appearance and various uses in the ecosystem. Its sensitivity to nitrogen levels makes it an important biological monitor of air quality.
Light Requirements
Hypogymnia inactiva requires moderate to high light conditions to grow properly. The plant thrives in areas where it can receive direct sunlight for at least a few hours during the day. This makes the species well-suited for growth in open areas such as fields and meadows.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for Hypogymnia inactiva growth is between 10°C to 20°C. The species is capable of withstanding temperatures below freezing, but low temperatures can lead to slow growth and decreased vitality. Similarly, high temperatures above 25°C can cause stress and negatively impact the plant's growth and development.
Soil Requirements
Hypogymnia inactiva grows well in well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. The species prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.0. The soil must have good water-holding capacity and good aeration to allow for optimal root growth and development.
Cultivation and Care of Hypogymnia inactiva
Hypogymnia inactiva is a slow-growing lichen that requires specific environmental conditions for optimal growth. Here are some tips on how to cultivate and care for this plant:
Light and Temperature
Hypogymnia inactiva grows best in areas with moderate to high light intensity, but it can also tolerate partial shade. It prefers cooler temperatures and thrives in areas with high humidity levels. The ideal temperature range for this plant is between 50 and 70 °F.
Watering Needs
Hypogymnia inactiva requires a consistent moisture level to thrive. The plant absorbs water through its thallus and can survive long periods of drought. To maintain its healthy state, water this plant twice a week during the growing season. Avoid overwatering, as this can cause root rot or fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Hypogymnia inactiva does not require fertilization, as it obtains all of its nutrients from the surrounding environment. However, if you notice signs of nutrient deficiency, like yellowing or stunted growth, you can apply a low-nitrogen fertilizer to the soil once a month.
Pruning
Hypogymnia inactiva does not require pruning, as it naturally grows in a compact, bushy shape. However, you can groom the plant by removing any dead or yellowed thallus using sterile pruning shears. This will help to encourage new growth and prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Hypogymnia inactiva
Hypogymnia inactiva (Krog) Ohlsson is commonly propagated through vegetative means, such as fragmentation and vegetative reproduction.
Propagation through Fragmentation
Fragmentation involves dividing the thallus of the lichen into smaller pieces, which can develop into new lichen individuals. The fragments can be scattered in suitable habitats to encourage new growth. The thallus has a slow growth rate, so care should be taken when removing the fragments to minimize damage and prevent dehydration.
Propagation through Vegetative Reproduction
Vegetative reproduction occurs when a fragment of the lichen forms a new thallus. The new thallus can either be attached to the original lichen or be dispersed to a new site. The lichen requires a moist and sheltered environment to facilitate vegetative reproduction. The process of vegetative reproduction is slow and requires a considerable amount of time.
Disease and Pest Management for Hypogymnia inactiva (Krog) Ohlsson
Hypogymnia inactiva (Krog) Ohlsson is a lichen species that mostly grows in habitats like forest, shrubland, and tundra. Although lichens are known for their hardiness, they are still prone to diseases and pests. Here's a list of common diseases and pests that might affect the lichen and ways to manage them.
Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affect lichens is Lichenostigma spp. This fungus creates black or brown spots on the lichen's surface, which can grow and cover the whole thallus, causing it to die out. To manage this disease, remove the affected lichen parts and increase the light exposure and air circulation of the lichen's habitat. Another effective way is to spray the lichen with copper-based fungicide.
Bacterial infection is also common in lichens, and it usually shows as soft rot in the thallus. This disease happens when the lichen's habitat becomes too wet or too contaminated. To manage this disease, provide proper drainage to the lichen's habitat, and avoid excessive watering. Increase exposure to sunlight and improve air circulation to prevent infection.
Pests
One of the most common pests that affect lichens is the bark beetle. This pest creates tunnels on the lichen's thallus, which can cause severe damage and even death. To manage bark beetles, prune the nearby trees and remove the dead wood, as these are the pests' favorite breeding grounds. You can also use insecticides like imidacloprid and permethrin to control the population.
The second most common pest that affects lichens is the snail. This pest eats the lichen's thallus, leaving unsightly patches on its surface. To manage snail infestation, sprinkle sharp gravel on the lichen's habitat, as snails don't like rough surfaces. You can also use copper tapes around the lichen to create barriers and prevent snails from entering. Finally, you can use pesticides containing metaldehyde to kill snails.
By understanding these common diseases and pests and following the proper management methods, you can keep your Hypogymnia inactiva (Krog) Ohlsson healthy and thriving.
