Overview of Hyperthelia edulis
Hyperthelia edulis (C.E.Hubb.) Clayton is a shrub or small tree that is known for its edible fruits. It belongs to the family Rubiaceae and is native to West Africa. The plant is commonly found in the rainforests of Nigeria, Cameroon, and Gabon. It is known by different names in different regions, such as Ngara, Ezeogu, and Ngoka.
Appearance of Hyperthelia edulis
The plant has a woody stem that can grow up to 5 meters in height. The leaves are dark green, glossy, and have a leathery feel. They are simple, opposite, and have an elliptic shape with a pointed apex. The flowers of Hyperthelia edulis are small, white to cream-colored, and are arranged in clusters. The fruits are round, fleshy, and have a diameter of about 3 cm. The fruit's exterior is smooth, while the interior contains a white pulp that surrounds several small seeds.
Uses of Hyperthelia edulis
Hyperthelia edulis is primarily known for its edible fruits. The fruit is sweet and sour, and is eaten fresh or used to make preserves, jams, and sauces. The fruit is also used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments like jaundice, stomach aches, and constipation. The bark and leaves of the tree are used to make a decoction that is used to treat skin infections and fever. The wood of the plant is hard and durable, and is used for construction, carving, and as fuelwood.
Light Conditions
Hyperthelia edulis naturally grows in a habitat with partially shaded conditions. Therefore, it thrives in an environment with moderate to low light intensity.
Temperature Requirements
The best temperature range for the growth of Hyperthelia edulis is between 18°C and 25°C. This plant species cannot tolerate extremely high or low temperatures.
Soil Type and Nutrient Requirements
Hyperthelia edulis thrives in well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. The ideal pH range for the growth of this plant species is between 5.5 and 6.5. Additionally, Hyperthelia edulis requires soil that is moist but not waterlogged. The addition of organic fertilizer can also enhance the growth of this plant species.
Cultivation methods:
Hyperthelia edulis is a low-growing plant that thrives in tropical and subtropical climates. It prefers well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH level and can tolerate partial shade but grows best in full sun. The plant can be propagated from seeds or stem cuttings. When growing from seed, the seeds must be soaked in water for 24 hours before planting.
Watering needs:
Hyperthelia edulis requires regular watering to maintain its growth and health, especially during the dry season. However, overwatering may cause root rot, so it's important to ensure that the soil is not waterlogged. A good rule of thumb is to water the plant when the topsoil feels dry to the touch but not completely dry.
Fertilization:
Hyperthelia edulis benefits from regular fertilization to encourage healthy growth and fruit production. A balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be applied every three months during the growing season. It's essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions on the fertilizer's application rate to prevent overfertilization.
Pruning:
Pruning Hyperthelia edulis can help promote bushier growth and higher fruit yield. The plant can be pruned after each fruiting cycle by removing the older, scraggly branches and leaving the younger, more vibrant branches. This stimulates new growth and encourages the plant to produce more fruit. Pruning should be done carefully to avoid causing damage to the plant.
Propagation of Hyperthelia edulis
Hyperthelia edulis, also known as the African sausage tree, is propagated through its seeds and cuttings.
Seeds
The seeds of Hyperthelia edulis can be collected from mature, ripe fruits. The seeds need to be soaked in water for at least 24 hours before being sowed in a well-draining seedling tray or pot. The seeds should be covered with a thin layer of soil and kept moist. Germination can take several weeks to a few months.
Cuttings
Hyperthelia edulis can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from healthy, young stems during the dormant season. The bottom of the cutting should be dipped in a rooting hormone and then planted in a pot containing well-draining soil. The soil should be kept moist, and the cutting should be kept in a shaded area until it starts showing new growth.
Hyperthelia edulis plants grown from cuttings can bloom and fruit at a younger age than those grown from seeds.
Disease Management
Hyperthelia edulis is generally a hardy plant and not susceptible to severe plant diseases. However, like any other plant, it can still be vulnerable to some diseases and infections that may cause severe damage. One of the most common diseases that can attack H. edulis is Leaf Spot. Symptoms of Leaf Spot appear as tiny dark spots on the leaves, which later grow in size. To manage the spread of this disease, remove any infected leaves and dispose of them safely. Additionally, provide adequate air circulation around the plant to reduce humidity.
Pest Management
Pest infestations can affect the growth, productivity and health of H. edulis. Two of the most common pests that can attack H. edulis are aphids and spider mites. Aphids can be controlled by releasing ladybugs or by applying an insecticidal soap that suffocates them. Spider mites, on the other hand, can be controlled by removing affected leaves and spraying the plant with water while increasing the humidity around the plant. Severe pest infestations may require more potent insecticides; however, one should proceed carefully, following the guidelines on the label and using protective gear to avoid exposure to harmful chemicals.
