Hygrophila laevis (Nees) Lindau
Hygrophila laevis (Nees) Lindau, commonly known as Asian hygrophila, is a perennial aquatic plant belonging to the family Acanthaceae. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, including India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, but is also found in other parts of the world as an introduced species.
General Appearance
The plant typically grows to a height of 30-50 cm in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and slow-moving streams. The stems are erect, branched, and submerged under water, while the leaves are opposite, elliptic to oblong, and up to 7 cm long. The flowers are small, white or light purple, and appear in clusters at the tips of the stems.
Common Names
Hygrophila laevis is known by a variety of common names depending on the region. In India, it is called tela-kanta or surakanda, while in Sri Lanka it is known as kalu weli. Other common names include water hyssop, giant hygrophila, and smooth hygrophila.
Uses
The plant has several uses in traditional medicine, especially in Ayurveda, where it is known for its diuretic, purgative, and digestive properties. It is also used to treat various ailments such as fever, rheumatism, and jaundice. In addition, the plant is commonly used in aquariums and aquascapes as a decorative plant due to its attractive foliage and ease of cultivation.
Overall, Hygrophila laevis is a fascinating plant with several traditional uses as well as ornamental value. Its unique appearance and versatility make it a popular choice for aquarium enthusiasts and those seeking natural remedies for various ailments.
Light Requirements
Hygrophila laevis requires bright light in order to grow properly. It thrives in well-lit areas or near the top of the aquarium or pond. In low-light environments, the plant may grow tall and spindly as it tries to reach up towards the light source.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is tolerant of a wide range of temperatures, but grows best in temperatures between 72 and 82°F (22-28°C). Temperatures below 68°F (20°C) can cause stunted growth, while temperatures above 86°F (30°C) can cause the plant to wilt.
Soil Requirements
Hygrophila laevis grows well in nutrient-rich substrates. A mixture of clay, sand, and peat is ideal. The substrate should be well-draining and be deep enough to cover the plant roots completely. The addition of fertilizers can also help promote healthy growth.
Cultivation methods
Hygrophila laevis (Nees) Lindau, commonly called giant hygro or Temple Plant, is a fast-growing aquatic plant that is an easy-to-care-for choice for beginners and experts alike.
This plant can be grown emersed or submerged. When grown emersed, it produces a flowering spike with small blue or purple flowers. However, when grown submerged, the plant produces dark green leaves that make for excellent background plants in the aquarium.
Hygrophila laevis requires moderate lighting, nutrient-rich substrate, and regular fertilization to reach its full potential. It is essential to maintain the water quality in the aquarium or tank to ensure proper growth and development of the plant.
Watering Needs
As an aquatic plant, Hygrophila laevis requires water to survive and thrive. The plant prefers soft to medium-hard water, with a pH range of 6.5-7.5. It is essential to maintain a consistent water temperature of 68-82°F (20-28°C) to promote healthy growth of the plant.
Hygrophila laevis is a fast grower and requires frequent water changes to keep the tank clean and healthy. Regular water changes of 10-20% every week help to replenish essential nutrients and ensure optimal growth.
Fertilization
To promote optimal growth and development, Hygrophila laevis requires regular fertilization. The plant prefers nutrient-rich substrate such as aquarium soil or other substrate with high levels of iron and other essential nutrients.
Frequent dosing of liquid fertilizers rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) is also essential for proper plant growth. The recommended dosage of NPK should be 5-10ml per week, or as directed by the manufacturer.
Pruning
Regular pruning is essential to maintain the shape and size of Hygrophila laevis. Prune the plant by trimming the stem to the desired height using a pair of sharp scissors. Cuttings can be re-planted or propagated to form new plants.
Pruning should be done regularly, but not too severely to avoid stressing the plant. Regular pruning also promotes lateral growth and ensures proper nutrient distribution throughout the plant.
Propagation of Hygrophila laevis
Propagation of Hygrophila laevis can be done through vegetative propagation or by sowing seeds. The following are the propagation methods for Hygrophila laevis:
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation of Hygrophila laevis can be carried out through stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem cutting, about 10-15cm long, and remove the leaves from the lower third of the cutting. Plant the cutting in a substrate that is rich in nutrients and keep it moist. The cuttings will start rooting within a few weeks and produce new shoots.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation of Hygrophila laevis can be carried out by sowing the seeds into a nutrient-rich substrate. The seeds should be sown thinly and covered with a thin layer of substrate. The substrate should be kept moist, and the seeds will start germinating within two weeks. Once the seedlings grow to a certain size, they can be transplanted into individual pots or planted directly in the aquarium.
Propagation of Hygrophila laevis can be a great way to produce new plants for your aquarium or to share with other hobbyists. These propagation methods are simple and easy to carry out, even for beginner aquarists.
Disease and Pest Management for Hygrophila laevis (Nees) Lindau
Hygrophila laevis is a rooted, herbaceous aquatic plant commonly used in ornamental aquariums. Although easy to cultivate, it is prone to a few pests and diseases that can affect its growth and overall quality. Below are some common diseases and pests that may affect Hygrophila laevis and ways to manage them effectively.
Diseases
1. Bacterial blight: Bacterial blight is a common disease affecting Hygrophila laevis, caused by Pseudomonas anguilliseptica. Symptoms include yellowing of leaves and stem rot. The disease can spread quickly in an aquarium, leading to plant death if not managed early enough.
Management: Dispose of affected plants to prevent the spread of infections. Ensure the water and substrate are clean, and avoid overcrowding that leads to poor water circulation and promotes bacteria development.
2. Fungal infections: Fungal infections such as Rhizoctonia and Pythium spp. cause root rot, leaving the plant vulnerable to other infections and stunted growth.
Management: Remove the affected roots and reduce water movement to limit the spread of these pathogens. Use a sulfur-based fungicide to control the infection.
Pests
1. Snails: Snails may feed on the leaves of Hygrophila laevis, leading to unsightly damage and stunted growth. The snails reproduce fast and often go unnoticed until the damage is done.
Management: Use commercial snail killers to control snail populations in the aquarium. Alternatively, introduce snail-eating animals such as loaches or clownfish.
2. Algae: Algae growth can smother the leaves of Hygrophila laevis, reducing photosynthesis and causing the plant to die off eventually.
Management: Use aquarium-approved herbicides or introduce herbivorous fish that feed on algae to keep the growth under control. Remove any affected leaves as soon as possible. Regular water changes also keep the water chemistry optimal for plant health.
Overall, proper aquarium management is key to preventing the occurrence and spread of many diseases and pests. Maintaining suitable water parameters, keeping the aquarium clean, and introducing appropriate animals to control pest populations all contribute to preventing infections and ensuring the continued growth and health of Hygrophila laevis.
