Overview
Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. is a perennial plant with many branches and is commonly used for landscaping purposes. It belongs to the family Apiaceae and is known by various common names such as the umbrella plant, dwarf pennywort, and creeping marsh pennywort. The plant is native to South America, but it is now popularly grown in many parts of the world as an ornamental plant. It has medicinal properties and is often used in traditional medicine.
Appearance
The Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. has small, round leaves that are bright green and glossy. It typically grows to a height of about 3-6 inches, but it can spread over large areas as it forms a dense mat. The plant is often used as ground cover due to its low growth habit and ability to form a dense carpet. It produces small, white flowers that are borne on thin stems that rise above the foliage. The plant can be grown in wet or dry soil, and it requires partial to full shade to thrive.
Uses
The Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. has various uses ranging from medicinal to decorative. In traditional medicine, it is commonly used as a diuretic, laxative, and to treat fever and urinary tract infections. Its leaves and aerial parts are also known to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The plant is also used in aquariums and water gardens as it purifies water and provides a natural habitat for aquatic life. In landscaping, the Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. is often used to provide ground cover in large areas such as lawns, parks, and gardens due to its dense growth habit and ease of maintenance.
Light Requirements
Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. is a light-loving plant and requires medium to high light intensity for optimal growth. However, it is sensitive to direct sunlight and should be protected from intense sunlight during the hottest part of the day. It is best grown in an aquarium with full spectrum lighting that provides a range of wavelengths to support photosynthesis.
Temperature Range
The plant thrives in tropical temperatures ranging from 22-28°C (72-82°F). It can tolerate temperatures as high as 30°C (86°F) for a short period with good water circulation to prevent heat accumulation. However, temperatures below 20°C (68°F) should be avoided as it can lead to slow growth and in severe cases, death.
Soil and Water Requirements
Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. requires a nutrient-rich substrate that provides adequate support for the plant roots and allows for proper circulation of water and nutrients. A substrate mix of soil, peat, and sand with additional nutrients is recommended. It is a slow-growing plant that requires a stable CO2 supply to support healthy growth. It prefers soft water with a pH range of 6.0-7.5 and a medium hardness of 2-15 dKH. Regular water changes and a high-quality fertilizer regime are key to successful growth.
Cultivation Methods
Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr., also known as Dwarf Pennywort, is a popular aquatic plant among hobbyists. It is known for its small size, easy maintenance, and adaptable nature. The plant is native to Asia and is often found in wetland areas. Cultivating Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. is relatively easy, and it can be grown in aquariums or ponds.
The plant prefers soft acidic water with a pH range of 5.5-7.5 and a temperature range of 68 F-82 F. It is recommended to plant the Dwarf Pennywort in nutrient-rich substrate with a depth of more than 2 inches. The plant requires moderate lighting, and shade is necessary to prevent algae growth.
Watering Needs
Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. is an aquatic plant and therefore requires a constant supply of water. In aquariums or ponds, ensure the water level covers the plant's root system. The plant is a heavy drinker, and the water should be changed regularly to maintain its health. Clean water is essential to prevent algae growth and ensure the plant's foliage remains healthy.
Fertilization
Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. requires consistent nutrients to maintain its health and promote growth. The plant can benefit from liquid fertilizers, but be sure to add the fertilizers in moderation as the plant may be sensitive to high nutrient levels. It is recommended to fertilize the plant once a week, maintaining a 20-30% water change percentage every week. Additionally, adding CO2 supplementation can enhance the plant's growth.
Pruning
Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. requires occasional pruning to maintain its shape and promote bushier growth. Trim the plant's stems using sharp scissors or pruning shears, ensuring the equipment is sanitized before use. The plant's cutting can be replanted to new aquatic media and produce new foliage, making it a perfect plant for replanting in other parts of the aquarium or pond.
Propagation methods
Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. can be propagated through division, cuttings, and seeds.
Division
Division is the easiest and quickest method of propagation for Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. It involves separating the plant into smaller portions, each with its own roots and leaves.
To propagate through division, carefully remove the plant from its pot and gently separate the clumps into smaller sections. Each section should have at least a few leaves and some roots. Plant each new section in a pot using fresh potting soil and water it well.
Cuttings
Cuttings are another method used to propagate Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. Take cuttings from the plant that are at least three inches long, and remove the leaves from the lower portion of the cutting. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant it in a pot with fresh potting soil. Keep the soil moist and covered with plastic to maintain humidity. Roots will begin to form within a few weeks, and the plant can be replanted.
Seeds
Seeds are another way to propagate Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. Collect the seeds from the mature plant and sow them in a moist and fertile potting mix. Cover the pot with plastic and make sure it is well-drained. The seeds should begin to germinate within a few weeks, and the plant can be managed into a suitable size before transplanted into a larger pot.
Disease and Pest Management for Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr.
Hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. is a small, delicate aquatic plant that is a favorite among aquarium enthusiasts. Like all living organisms, this plant is susceptible to diseases and pests. Therefore, it requires proper disease and pest management to remain healthy and thriving. In this section, we'll discuss some of the common diseases and pests that can affect this plant and suggest some ways to manage them.
Common diseases
The most common diseases that hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. is susceptible to include:
- Bacterial infections: Bacterial infections can cause the plant to develop black or brown spots on its leaves. They can also cause the plant to rot from the roots up.
- Fungal infections: Fungal infections can cause the plant to develop white or brown patches on its leaves. They can also cause the leaves to become slimy and disintegrate.
To manage these diseases, you should remove any infected leaves or plant parts immediately and treat the plant with an appropriate fungicide or bactericide, following the instructions on the package.
Common pests
The most common pests that can affect hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. include:
- Snails: Snails are common pests in aquariums and can feed on the plant, causing it to become weak and lose its color.
- Algae: Algae can compete with hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. for nutrients and light, causing it to become weak and die.
To manage these pests, you should remove them manually and increase water flow in the aquarium. Additionally, you can use a snail trap or add an aquatic predator, such as a loach or shrimp, to the aquarium to control snails. You can also add an algae-eating fish to the aquarium to control algae.
Overall, proper disease and pest management is crucial for maintaining the health and beauty of hydrocotyle arbuscula Schltr. With proper care and attention, this delicate plant can thrive in an aquarium for many years.
