Overview
Howeia belmoreana, also known as the Belmore sentry palm or the mountain sentry palm, is a species of palm tree belonging to the family Arecaceae. This slow-growing tree is native to Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea, located between Australia and New Zealand. It has gained popularity as an ornamental plant and can be found in cultivation in many parts of the world, particularly in subtropical and tropical regions.
Appearance
The Howeia belmoreana palm tree can reach up to 15 meters (50 feet) in height, with a slender trunk that can grow up to 30 centimeters (1 foot) in diameter. The tree crown is composed of many fronds that are up to two meters (6.5 feet) in length, with a feathery appearance. The leaves are dark green in color and are held in a V-shape, giving the tree its distinct look. The tree produces small white or cream flowers in the summer, followed by small, black, berry-like fruit.
Uses
Howeia belmoreana is a popular ornamental plant that is often used in landscaping and as a houseplant. Its slow growth rate and low maintenance requirements make it a great choice for those who want an attractive tree without the hassle of constant care. The palm tree is also well-suited for use as a street tree due to its resistance to many pests and diseases. Extracts from the tree have been used traditionally in medicine to treat a range of ailments, including fever and headaches, although scientific evidence to support these claims is limited.
Common Names
Howeia belmoreana is known by several common names, including Belmore sentry palm, mountain sentry palm, and Belmore palm. In its native Lord Howe Island, the tree is known as kentia.
Light Requirements
Howeia belmoreana is highly adaptable to different light levels, making it a great choice for indoor and outdoor use. However, it grows the most vigorously in bright, indirect light. It is essential to protect the plant from direct, intense sunlight that can scorch its sensitive foliage.
Temperature Requirements
This plant thrives in warm, humid conditions and cannot tolerate temperatures below 50°F (10°C). The ideal temperature range for growth and development is between 60°F (15°C) and 80°F (27°C). Dry and cold conditions can lead to slowed growth and stunted development, while excessively high temperatures can cause leaf damage and dehydration.
Soil Requirements
Howeia belmoreana prefers nutrient-rich, well-draining soil that retains moisture without becoming waterlogged. A peat-based potting mix with added perlite or coarse sand is an excellent choice for ensuring adequate drainage. The soil should be kept consistently moist, but not overly wet, as this can lead to root rot and other fungal infections.
Cultivation
Howeia belmoreana, also known as the Belmore sentry palm, is an excellent choice for indoor and outdoor gardening. These plants prefer well-drained soil with slightly acidic to neutral pH levels. Ideally, their exposure should be in a sunny spot in the garden, but it can tolerate partial shade too.
They grow well when they receive enough airflow and proper light exposure. If you decide to plant it indoors, choose a location that receives plenty of indirect light and is free from drafts.
Watering needs
The Belmore sentry palm prefers moist, well-drained soil. However, overwatering can cause root rot, and underwatering may result in the plant drying out. The frequency of watering will depend on the level of humidity and temperature in your region. Ensure that you allow the soil to dry up to an inch before you water it again.
The best way to water them is to use filtered or rainwater since tap water has a high concentration of mineral content, which may cause the plant to develop brown tips or leaf edges.
Fertilization
Howeia belmoreana requires a balanced fertilizer that is high in potassium and nitrogen, with moderate levels of phosphorus. It's best to fertilize them during the growing season, which is spring and summer, using a slow-release fertilizer that can last for up to six months.
You can also supplement their nutrient needs with organic matter such as compost or manure. These are an excellent source of micronutrients and minerals that will boost their growth and give them a rich green color.
Pruning
Belmore sentry palm requires minimal pruning, but it's essential to remove diseased or damaged leaves to promote new growth. Use a sharp pair of scissors or pruning knife to cut the leaf blade close to the stem, taking care not to damage the healthy leaves.
Do not remove healthy leaves unnecessarily since it may affect their growth and overall health. If the plant becomes too tall, you can remove the lower leaves to create a trunk and encourage it to grow upwards.
Propagation of Howeia belmoreana
Howeia belmoreana, commonly known as the Belmore sentry palm or Belmore palm, is a popular indoor plant valued for its elegant, feather-like fronds and easy maintenance. Propagation of Howeia belmoreana can be done using a variety of methods. Some of the popular propagation methods are:
Propagation by Seed
The most common propagation method for Howeia belmoreana is through seeds. The seeds of the plant can be collected from ripe fruits and then sowed into moist, well-drained soil. The pots should be kept in a warm, bright area, and the soil should be kept damp. The seeds will usually germinate within two to three months, and once they have reached a sufficient size, they can be transplanted into individual pots.
Propagation by Offshoots
We can propagate Howeia belmoreana by division when it produces new offshoots. These offshoots, which look like small plants growing at the base of the parent plant, can be carefully separated from the parent plant using a sharp, sterilized knife. Each offshoot should have a good root system, and it's necessary to remove some of the leaves to reduce stress. After division, the offshoots should be planted in a mix of coarse sand and organic matter, and watered regularly until they establish themselves.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Howeia belmoreana can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Take 12-15cm long sections of stem cuttings, making the cuttings from the parent plant's basal cane area, which will have active growth. Remove all the leaves from the lower sides of the cutting to leave the bud and the crown on the top. Then dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a well-draining soil mix, water it lightly, cover it with a plastic bag and put it in bright light, but not in direct sunlight. When the plant begins to grow, place the plant in a shaded area and remove the plastic covering.
To sum up, with proper care and attention, anyone can successfully propagate the majestic Belmore sentry palm.
Disease Management for Howeia belmoreana (C. Moore & F. Muell.) Becc.
Howeia belmoreana is generally a healthy plant, but like any other plant species, it is susceptible to certain diseases and pests. The following are common plant diseases that may affect Howeia belmoreana and their management.
Fusarium Leaf Spot
Fusarium leaf spot is a fungal disease that often affects Howeia belmoreana. The initial signs of the disease include small, brown spots on the leaves, which gradually enlarge and merge to form large dead patches.
The best management practices for Fusarium leaf spots on Howeia belmoreana include practicing good hygiene by removing and destroying infected leaves or plants, reducing overhead watering, and providing proper air circulation to minimize humidity in the area.
Anthracnose
Anthracnose is a fungal disease that causes leaf spots, stem cankers, and fruit rot. Symptoms of anthracnose on Howeia belmoreana include irregular dead patches on the leaves, necrotic spots on the stem, and fruit rot.
To manage Anthracnose, remove all infected plant debris. Also, maintain good pruning practices that will improve air circulation, and minimize the spread of disease. Fungicides are recommended for severe infestation.
Pest Management for Howeia belmoreana (C. Moore & F. Muell.) Becc.
Like any other plant, Howeia belmoreana is prone to pest infestations. Here are some common pests that may affect the plant and ways to manage them.
Spider Mites
Spider mites are common pests that can infest Howeia belmoreana plants. The signs of spider mite infestation include small, pinprick-size yellow or white speckles on the leaves. In severe cases, the leaves may turn yellow or bronzed, and the plant eventually dies.
The most effective pest management practices for spider mites include regularly misting the plant with a hose, maintaining an adequate level of humidity, keeping the plant in a well-ventilated area, and applying a mixture of water and dish soap directly to the plant to eradicate signs of infestation. Neem Oil can also be used in severe infestation.
Mealybugs
Mealybugs are pests that are easily transported through the air and can quickly infest a plant. The signs of mealybug infestation are a white, waxy substance on the plant, as well as stunted growth and yellowing of the leaves.
The most effective management strategies for mealybugs on Howeia belmoreana include physically removing any visible insects and their egg sacs, the use of insecticidal soap, and wiping the leaves with alcohol.
Thrips
Thrips are tiny, razor-thin insects that typically infest foliage, causing discolorations, scarring, and deformities in leaves. Thrips damage on Howeia belmoreana includes silver scarring on the leaves and as well as distortions.
To address thrips infestation, physically removing visible insects, then applying insecticidal soap or neem oil with a handheld spray bottle is necessary. The use of sticky traps may aid in the more thorough eradication of Thrips.
