Origin and Common Names
Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus (Willd.) Hochr. is a plant species belonging to the Malvaceae family. It is commonly known as the Split-petalled Hibiscus or the Fork Hibiscus. The plant is native to India and can also be found growing in other parts of South and Southeast Asia.
Appearance
The Split-petalled Hibiscus is a perennial shrub that can grow up to 4 meters tall. The leaves are simple, alternate, and ovate in shape, measuring up to 15 cm long and 11 cm wide. It produces showy flowers, typically measuring about 9 cm in diameter, and comes in a variety of colors, including pink, red, white, and yellow. The most distinct feature of this hibiscus species is its split petals, which give the flower an unusual and unique look.
Uses
Throughout history, various parts of the Split-petalled Hibiscus have been used for their medicinal properties. The leaves, bark, and roots have been used to treat various ailments, including wounds, fever, diarrhea, and respiratory problems. The plant has also been used in traditional medicine to treat female infertility.
The flowers of this hibiscus plant are also used in ornamental decorations, as tea, and in cosmetics. The flower has been known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, making it an essential ingredient in skincare products.
The Split-petalled Hibiscus is also used in landscaping due to its beautiful and vibrant flowers. Gardeners appreciate this plant species for its ability to attract hummingbirds and bees, which pollinate other plants in the garden.
Overall, Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus (Willd.) Hochr. is a beautiful and unique plant species that has served various purposes throughout human history. It continues to be appreciated for its aesthetic appeal, medicinal properties, and its ability to support pollinators in gardens.
Light Requirements
The Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus (Willd.) Hochr. plant requires full sunlight to thrive. It cannot tolerate shade as it needs sunlight to produce flowers and fruits. Therefore, it is essential to plant it in a place where it can receive at least eight hours of direct sunlight daily.
Temperature Requirements
The temperature is another crucial factor for the growth of Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus (Willd.) Hochr. The plant can grow well in tropical and sub-tropical climates with a temperature range of 20°C to 35°C. It cannot tolerate frost or cold weather and may die if exposed to extreme cold. Therefore, it is essential to keep the plant protected during winters in cold climates.
Soil Requirements
Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus (Willd.) Hochr. requires well-draining soil, rich in organic matter. The soil should be slightly acidic to neutral, with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. The plant cannot grow well in heavy clay soils or soils that are waterlogged. Therefore, it is essential to prepare the soil by adding compost or organic matter to improve its drainage and aeration.
Cultivation Methods
Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus (Willd.) Hochr. is a shrub that prefers a warm and humid climate. It can be grown in most soil types, as long as they are well-draining. This plant needs a lot of sunlight to thrive, so choose a planting spot with full exposure to the sun.
You can grow the Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus (Willd.) Hochr. from seeds or stem cuttings. If growing from seeds, it is best to soak them overnight in warm water before planting. For stem cuttings, choose a healthy stem and cut it at a 45-degree angle. Remove leaves from the lower end of the cutting and plant it in well-draining soil. Keep the soil moist but not overwatered until the plant takes root.
Watering Needs
The Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus (Willd.) Hochr. needs regular watering during its growth period, which can vary depending on the climate. During hot and dry periods, it may require daily watering. In cooler and humid conditions, watering once or twice a week may be enough.
When watering, it is best to water the plant slowly and deeply to allow the water to reach the plant's roots. Overwatering can cause the roots to rot, leading to the death of the plant.
Fertilization
Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus (Willd.) Hochr. benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal parts nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Apply the fertilizer every two weeks, starting from the beginning of spring until the end of summer.
Overfertilization can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowering. Avoid fertilizing during the plant's dormant period to prevent unnecessary growth.
Pruning
Pruning helps the Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus (Willd.) Hochr. maintain a desirable shape and size. Prune in the spring, just before the growth period begins. Remove any dead or damaged branches, as well as any branches that are crossing or rubbing against each other.
To encourage more flowering, prune the tips of the branches. This will promote branching and result in more flowers. Avoid pruning during the dormant period, as it can cause stress to the plant and affect its growth in the next season.
Propagation of Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus
Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus is commonly propagated through seeds, cuttings, and air layering.
Seeds
Seeds must be collected from mature capsules, which turn brown and start splitting open. After collection, the seeds should be cleaned and soaked in water for 24 hours before sowing. The seeds must be sown in well-draining soil, covered with a thin layer of soil, and watered. They should be placed in a shaded area and kept moist, but not waterlogged. The germination period ranges from 1 to 3 weeks under suitable conditions.
Cuttings
Cuttings should be taken from semi-hardwood stems during the growing season. The cuttings should be approximately 15-20 cm long and dipped in rooting hormone to enhance the development of roots. Afterward, the cuttings should be planted in well-draining soil, watered, and placed in shaded areas. They should be kept moist and away from direct sunlight until they root, which usually takes around 3-4 weeks.
Air Layering
To propagate through air layering, select a healthy stem that has no apparent damage or disease. The selected stem should be half-woody, and a section of the bark should be removed from the middle. Surround the excised area with moist sphagnum moss, wrap it with plastic, and secure it with a string or tape. Roots will emerge from the injured area in approximately 4-6 weeks. Once roots are formed, detach the stem from the parent plant, and plant it in the well-draining soil.
Disease Management
The Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus (Willd.) Hochr. is prone to few diseases, but it is essential to control them as soon as possible to prevent their spread.
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a common disease that manifests as dark circular spots on the leaves. It causes yellowing and weakening of the plant. To manage this disease, it is essential to prune and dispose of infected branches. Also, avoid overhead watering and maintain humidity control to prevent its spread.
Root rot: Root rot is caused by overwatering, and it causes the root to rot and blacken. To manage root rot, it is essential to improve drainage, maintain the right watering frequency, and ensure proper aeration.
Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal infection that manifests as a white coating on the leaves. To manage powdery mildew, remove infected parts of the plant and treat with a fungicide, such as sulfur or neem oil.
Pest Management
The Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus (Willd.) Hochr. is susceptible to pests, which can cause significant damage to the plant if not managed correctly.
Aphids: Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that feed on the plant's sap, causing stunted growth and leaf distortion. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil and prune and dispose of infected parts of the plant.
Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny red or yellow insects that suck the plant's sap, causing yellowing and wilting of leaves. To manage spider mites, wash the leaves regularly, prune and dispose of infected branches, and use insecticides whenever necessary.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies or moths, and they feed on the leaves, causing massive damage to the plant. To manage caterpillars, remove them by hand, use Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticide, and prune and dispose of infected branches.
By managing diseases and pests, you can enjoy healthy and vibrant Hibiscus surattensis L. var. furcatus (Willd.) Hochr. plants in your garden, filled with a bountiful of blooming flowers.
