Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav. - A Detailed Description
Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav. is a flowering plant species belonging to the Malvaceae family. It is native to Central and South America, specifically Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia. Hibiscus calyphyllus is also known by various common names, including Lacy Hibiscus, Technicolor Hibiscus, and Rose of Sharon.
General Appearance
Hibiscus calyphyllus is an evergreen or deciduous shrub or small tree that can grow up to 5 meters tall. The plant has a woody stem and a spreading, open crown. Its stem, branches, and leaves are covered with fine hairs, giving them a soft, velvety texture. The leaves of the plant are simple, alternate, and measure around 6-22 cm in length. They are oval-shaped, dark green, and have finely serrated margins.
The flowers of Hibiscus calyphyllus are large, showy, and have a striking appearance. They bloom in clusters throughout the year, with the peak flowering season being in summer. Each flower measures around 8-12 cm in diameter and has five petals that are arranged in a funnel shape. The petals are typically white with a distinctive red or pink center, although there are also some varieties with yellow or orange centers.
Uses
Hibiscus calyphyllus has several uses. In traditional medicine, the plant's bark, leaves, and flowers are used to treat various ailments such as colds, coughs, and fever. The plant is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Hibiscus calyphyllus is also cultivated as an ornamental plant, with its striking flowers and foliage making it a popular choice for gardens and landscapes.
Furthermore, Hibiscus calyphyllus is used in the perfume industry, with its flowers providing a rich, sweet scent. The plant's wood is also used in woodworking and carpentry, particularly for making furniture and cabinetry.
In conclusion, Hibiscus calyphyllus is a beautiful and versatile plant that has several uses. Its striking appearance, sweet scent, and medicinal properties make it a valuable addition to any garden or landscape, while its wood has commercial uses in woodworking.
Light Requirements
Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav. requires full sunlight to grow properly. The plant needs at least six hours of sunlight per day. It is recommended to place the plant in an area that receives direct sunlight in the morning or evening while keeping it shaded during hot afternoons.
Temperature Requirements
Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav. grows best in warm temperatures. The plant can tolerate temperatures ranging between 60°F to 85°F (15°C to 29°C). Temperatures below 50°F (10°C) can damage the plant. At a temperature above 90°F (32°C), the plant experiences stress and may wilt. It is recommended to keep the plant in an area where temperatures are stable and moderate.
Soil Requirements
Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav. grows well in well-drained, fertile soil. The plant can grow in different soil types like sandy, loamy, or clay soil. The pH level of the soil should range between 6.0 to 7.0, which is slightly acidic. Ensure that the soil is rich in organic matter and nutrients.
Cultivation
Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav., also known as the jungle hibiscus or green hibiscus, is a shrub that is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. It prefers a warm and humid climate, and grows best in areas with plenty of sunlight and well-drained soil.
When planting, it is recommended to use a pot with good drainage and fill it with a mix of soil and some sand. Jungle hibiscus can grow up to 10 feet tall, so it is essential to provide it with enough space to grow and spread out.
Watering Needs
As with most plants, Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav. needs regular watering, especially during dry periods. Water it deeply at least once a week, making sure the soil remains damp but not waterlogged. If the plant is in a pot, make sure it has well-drained soil and drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization will help ensure the growth and blooming of your jungle hibiscus. It is best to use a balanced fertilizer, and you can apply it every six months. Another option is to use organic fertilizer, which can be added every two to four weeks during the growing season for optimal results.
Pruning
Jungle hibiscus can benefit from regular pruning, which can help keep the plant in shape and encourage new growth. You can prune the plant back by about a third of its size during the spring and at the end of the summer. Cut back any dead, diseased, or dying branches, and trim away any crossing branches or those that are growing in the wrong direction. Make sure to use sharp and clean pruning shears to prevent damage to the plant.
Propagation of Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav.
Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav. can be propagated through different methods to produce new plants.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds of Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav. can be sourced from matured fruits. The seeds need to be cleaned and dried before planting. They can then be sowed in a good quality potting soil mixture that is kept moist until germination. It is important to choose a well-draining soil mix and provide a constant temperature between 20-25°C for optimum germination. The plant will start to bloom at two to three years of age when propagated by seeds.
Propagation by Cuttings
Cuttings are a reliable method of propagating Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav. The cuttings should be taken from new shoots that are about 10-15 cm long. The cutting should be removed from the parent plant with a clean, sharp pair of scissors. Care should be taken to ensure that the cutting has at least two to three nodes. Once cuttings are collected, they should be dipped in a rooting hormone and planted in a well-draining potting soil mix. Place the pot in a shaded area and ensure to keep the soil moist. Once new growth appears, gradually expose it to sunlights.
Propagation by Air Layering
Air layering is another way to propagate Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav. This method is more significant for mature plants. Select a sturdy branch that is at least 2 years old but still bendable. Strip the leaves from the bottom 20cm of the stem the branch. Wound the stem by cutting off 1.5 cm wide of the stem’s bark where the roots are to be formed, then apply rooting hormone. Dust wet sphagnum over the wound. Wrap the sphagnum moss with a plastic sheet or cling film, tying each end with twine. Water the moss only when it’s dry and keep a careful watch for the roots to emerge. In a few weeks, the roots will be acquired. Cut and plant in desired pots.
Disease and Pest Management for Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav.
Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav., also known as the hibiscus flower tree, is susceptible to a variety of diseases and pests if not properly cared for. Here are some common issues and ways to manage them:
Common Diseases
1. Leaf spot - caused by fungal pathogens, can cause yellowing and dropping of leaves. To manage, remove infected leaves and improve air circulation by pruning the tree.
2. Powdery Mildew - a common fungal disease that can cause a white, powdery coating on leaves and flowers. To manage, apply fungicide spray to the tree.
3. Rust - a fungal disease that can cause orange spots on the leaves. To manage, remove infected leaves and apply a fungicide spray.
Common Pests
1. Aphids - small insects that suck sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and distorted leaves. To manage, spray the tree with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
2. Whiteflies - tiny insects that congregate on the underside of leaves and suck sap from the plant, causing yellowing and dropping of leaves. To manage, spray the tree with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
3. Spider Mites - small spiders that suck sap from the plant, causing yellowing and mottling of leaves. To manage, spray the tree with a miticide or insecticidal soap.
It's important to regularly inspect your Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav. tree for any signs of disease or pests. By taking proper care and managing any issues promptly, you can help ensure your hibiscus will remain healthy and beautiful for years to come.
