Overview of Heuchera macrorhiza Small
Heuchera macrorhiza Small, also known as the bigroot alumroot, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the Saxifrage family, native to North America. It is often found in moist, wooded areas and along streams and riverbanks from the Rocky Mountains to the East Coast.
Common Names
Aside from bigroot alumroot, Heuchera macrorhiza Small is also known by other common names such as coralbells, alumroot, and American alumroot.
Uses
The bigroot alumroot has several uses. In traditional medicine, it is believed to have astringent properties that can help in the treatment of wounds, cuts, and other skin irritations. Some Native American tribes also use the roots of the plant to treat diarrhea, as well as kidney and bladder problems.
In modern times, the plant is often cultivated as a garden plant for its attractive foliage. The leaves of Heuchera macrorhiza Small come in a range of colors, including green, purple, and red, and can add vibrancy to a garden bed or container.
General Appearance
The bigroot alumroot is a clump-forming perennial with a short, woody rhizome. Its leaves are generally heart-shaped and toothed, growing up to 20cm long. The flowers of the plant are borne on tall, wiry stems and are typically small and bell-shaped, with colors ranging from white to pink to red. The plant can grow up to 60cm tall and 30cm wide.
Overall, Heuchera macrorhiza Small is a low-maintenance plant that thrives in shady, moist areas. Its unique appearance and traditional uses make it a valuable addition to any garden or landscape.
Light Requirements
Heuchera macrorhiza Small, also known as the great alumroot, prefers partial shade to full shade conditions. Direct sunlight may cause leaf scorching, which can harm the plant.
Temperature Requirements
This species is primarily native to the eastern part of North America and can tolerate various temperature ranges. They grow well in cooler climates, with an ideal temperature range of 60°F to 75°F during the daytime and 50°F to 65°F at night. However, they can also withstand temperatures as low as 0°F and as high as 90°F.
Soil Requirements
Well-drained, moist soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH level is ideal for the growth of Heuchera macrorhiza. The soil must be rich in organic matter and have good aeration. The plant can tolerate soil with a pH level of 5.5 to 7, which is slightly acidic to neutral. Additionally, it can thrive in rocky and sandy soils.
Cultivation methods
Heuchera macrorhiza Small, commonly known as the Alpine alumroot, is best cultivated in well-draining soils that have rich organic matter. It thrives well in partially shaded to fully shaded areas, particularly in regions with hot summers. It is generally propagated by dividing roots or cuttings and can also be grown from seed.
Watering needs
Consistent watering is crucial for best growth and health of Heuchera macrorhiza Small. The plant requires moist soils, but it should never be watered excessively. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which is very serious, particularly in poorly aerated soils. The recommended watering schedule is once or twice weekly, depending on the weather conditions and the soil drainage.
Fertilization
Heuchera macrorhiza Small responds well to regular fertilization. The best fertilizer is made up of balanced nutrients that include nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous. Top-dress the soil with the fertilizer after every six to eight weeks during the growing season, and do not fertilize during winter. Use liquid fertilizer to apply the nutrients directly to the roots of the plant.
Pruning
To maintain the aesthetics of Heuchera macrorhiza Small, pruning is essential. The process involves cutting or removing any dead or yellowing leaves from the plant. Pruning also helps to control pests and diseases that may damage the plant. Use sterile pruning shears to make clean cuts, and avoid cutting too deep into the root system, as it may hinder the growth or even kill the plant.
Propagation of Heuchera macrorhiza Small
Heuchera macrorhiza Small, commonly known as the large-leaf alumroot, can be propagated through different methods, including seeds, division, and cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds of Heuchera macrorhiza can be sown indoors or outdoors. The best time to sow the seeds is in spring or fall. The seeds need to be stratified to mimic winter conditions, and this can be done by placing them in a moist sowing mix and refrigerating them for four to six weeks. Once the stratification period is over, the seeds can be sown in a seed tray filled with a well-draining potting mix. The seedlings can be transplanted into individual pots when they are big enough to handle, and they can be planted in the garden once they are well-established.
Propagation by Division
Division is a common method used to propagate Heuchera macrorhiza. This method involves dividing the plant into smaller sections, each with its own roots and growing points. The best time to divide the plant is in early spring, just as it starts to emerge from dormancy. To divide the plant, carefully lift it from the ground with a spade or fork and gently separate the sections. Each section can be replanted in a new location in the garden or potted up until it becomes established.
Propagation by Cuttings
Heuchera macrorhiza can also be propagated by taking stem cuttings. This method involves taking a 4- to 6-inch cutting from the plant, removing the lower leaves, and dipping the stem in rooting hormone. The cutting can be planted in a well-draining potting mix and kept moist until it starts to produce roots. Once the roots are well established, the new plant can be transplanted into its final location in the garden.
Overall, Heuchera macrorhiza Small can be propagated through seeds, division, and cuttings, making it an easy plant to propagate and share with others.
Disease and Pest Management for Heuchera macrorhiza Small
Heuchera macrorhiza Small, commonly known as the bigroot geranium, is a hardy perennial plant that is native to North America. While this plant is relatively disease and pest-resistant, it is not immune to attack. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect Heuchera macrorhiza Small, along with ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
Bacterial leaf spot: Characterized by dark, water-soaked spots on the leaves and stems. Remove infected leaves and stems, and avoid overhead watering. Treat with a bactericide.
Crown rot: Caused by fungi in the soil that infect the plant through the roots. Improve soil drainage, remove infected plants, and rotate your crops.
Powdery mildew: A fungal disease that affects the leaves, causing a powdery white coating to form on their surface. Avoid overhead watering, remove infected leaves, and treat with a fungicide.
Common Pests
Slugs and snails: These mollusks can cause serious damage to Heuchera macrorhiza Small by munching on the leaves and stems. Use slug and snail bait to deter them, or handpick them off your plants.
Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects suck plant sap from the leaves, causing them to wither and turn yellow. Spray your plants with a strong stream of water to knock these pests off, or use insecticidal soap.
Spider mites: Difficult to detect, these tiny arachnids feed on the underside of the leaves, causing them to become speckled and dry. Spray with water to knock them off, or use insecticidal soap.
By following these disease and pest management techniques, you can help keep your Heuchera macrorhiza Small healthy and thriving for years to come.
