Overview of Hemarthria altissima
Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb., also known as limpograss, is a perennial, warm-season grass that is native to tropical and subtropical regions. The plant is commonly used for pasture, hay, and turfgrass production, as well as for soil conservation and erosion control.
General Appearance of Hemarthria altissima
Hemarthria altissima grows in dense, upright clumps and can reach a height of up to 6 feet (1.8 meters). The leaf blades are flat and narrow, measuring between 6 and 20 inches (15-50 cm) in length and 0.2 to 0.4 inches (0.5-1 cm) in width. The inflorescences are spike-like, comprising numerous tiny spikelets that can appear yellowish, purplish, or brownish in color. The roots are extensive and can reach depths of up to 6 feet (1.8 meters).
Common Names of Hemarthria altissima
In addition to being known as limpograss, Hemarthria altissima is also referred to by several other common names, including Kukaepua'a in Hawaii, perennial grass in Australia, and plicatula grass in Africa.
Uses of Hemarthria altissima
The primary use of Hemarthria altissima is for livestock forage, as it is highly palatable and nutritious. It is also commonly used for turfgrass and hay production due to its dense growth habit and ability to regrow quickly after mowing. Hemarthria altissima also has soil conservation and erosion control benefits, as its extensive root system helps to stabilize soil and prevent erosion.
Light Requirements
Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. requires full sunlight exposure for optimal growth. In areas with partial shade, it may grow more slowly, resulting in lower yields and reduced vigor. The plant thrives in well-lit areas with direct sunlight, allowing for efficient photosynthesis.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. growth is between 15 and 35 degrees Celsius. The lowest temperature level for growth is 10 degrees Celsius, while the highest temperature limit is 45 degrees Celsius. The plant is resistant to frost and can withstand moderate to heavy rainfall.
Soil Requirements
Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. grows best in well-drained, loamy soils with a neutral pH level. It is tolerant of acidic and alkaline soil conditions, but yields may be reduced in such conditions. The plant requires a moderate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and it responds well to regular fertilizer application. Additionally, adequate soil moisture is necessary for the growth and development of the plant.
Cultivation Methods
Hemarthria altissima is a warm-season perennial grass that is commonly grown in the southern United States. It thrives in well-drained soils and requires full sun exposure to grow best. When cultivating, it's important to ensure that the plants are spaced appropriately to optimize their growth. For maximum production, the grass should be seeded in the late spring or early summer when soil temperatures reach 60 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
Watering Needs
Hemarthria altissima is a drought-resistant plant that can survive on minimal water. However, to encourage growth and optimum production, it is necessary to irrigate them. Water deeply but infrequently, as Hemarthria altissima is susceptible to disease if over-watered. The best watering schedule for this plant is typically once or twice a week, ensuring the soil is moist but not waterlogged.
Fertilization
Applying fertilizer is necessary to optimize the growth and production of Hemarthria altissima. The best time to fertilize is in late spring after the winter months. Consult with local agronomists to determine the specific fertilization requirements of your location, as this may vary depending on the soil type and climate. It is advisable to conduct a soil test to determine the condition of the soil before fertilization.
Pruning
Pruning is not required for Hemarthria altissima. However, if required, it is recommended to prune the grass before the winter to prepare for new growth in the spring. The pruning should be done at a height of 4 to 6 inches, just after the first frost. This will help to remove any dead or damaged material and encourage new growth to develop in the spring.
Propagation methods of Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb.
Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. can be propagated using several methods including:
Seed propagation
Seeds of Hemarthria altissima should be collected from healthy and vigorous plants. The seeds should be scarified using sandpaper, then soaked in water for at least 24 hours to soften the seed coat. After soaking, drain the water and spread the seeds on a moist compost. Cover the seed with a thin layer of soil then keep the soil moist. The seedlings will emerge within four weeks.
Vegetative propagation
In vegetative propagation, stem cuttings that are about 10-15 cm long and have at least three nodes are collected from healthy and vigorous plants. The leaves should be removed from the lower two-thirds of the cutting. The cuttings should then be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a potting mixture or rooting media. Once planted, the cuttings should be kept in a greenhouse with high humidity until they have developed a good root system and leaves. Afterward, they can be transplanted into the ground.
Division
Hemarthria altissima can also be propagated through the division of tubers. The parent plant can be dug up and separated into smaller tubers, each with at least two dormant buds. The tubers can then be planted in prepared soil, and should be kept moist until new growth emerges.
Disease Management for Hemarthria altissima
Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb., commonly known as southern carpetgrass, is generally resistant to most diseases. However, it may still be affected by common plant diseases, such as fungal and bacterial infections, especially when grown in moisture-prone areas.
The most common diseases that may affect Hemarthria altissima include leaf spot, rust, and brown patch. Leaf spot and rust are usually caused by fungi and are characterized by brown spots or yellowish-brown lesions on leaves. Brown patch, on the other hand, is caused by a fungus that leads to irregular brown or yellow patches on leaves and stems.
To manage fungal diseases, it is essential to ensure proper irrigation practices, avoid overcrowding and promote air circulation around the plant. Fungicides may also help control fungal diseases, especially when used as a preventive measure.
Bacterial infections, such as bacterial leaf blight, can be managed by removing infected plants immediately, sanitizing equipment, and preventing soil splashing onto plants through regular irrigation practices.
Pest Management for Hemarthria altissima
Southern carpetgrass is relatively resistant to pests, but it may still be affected by some common pests, including armyworms, sod webworms, and cutworms. These pests usually cause damage to leaves, roots, and stems of the plant, leading to brown patches and stunted growth.
Integrated pest management (IPM) practices, such as using natural predators and parasites, reducing thatch accumulation, and ensuring proper irrigation practices, can help manage these pests. Insecticides, if needed, may also be used as a last resort, but it is essential to follow the label instructions carefully.
It is also important to keep the area around the plants clear of weeds, debris, and other plants that may harbor pests or promote moisture retention, which can increase the risk of pest infestations.
