Origin and Common Names
Helophytum natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. is a plant species belonging to the family Asteraceae. It is native to South Africa and is commonly known as the floating marguerite or the aquatic daisy.Appearance
The floating marguerite is a herbaceous perennial plant that grows up to 15 centimeters in height. The plant thrives in water and has a unique ability to float on the surface of the water, which is an adaptation mechanism that helps the plant to spread from one place to another. It has long, narrow floating leaves that are green in color and small yellow flowers that bloom from early summer to late autumn. The flowers are solitary, terminal, and have a diameter of about 25 millimeters.Uses
The floating marguerite is mainly grown as an ornamental plant in aquatic gardens, water features, and natural waterbodies. It is an ideal plant for water gardens as it prevents the growth of algae by consuming excess nutrients from the water. The plant is also used for erosion control in wetlands and stream banks. The leaves and flowers of the plant are edible and can be used in salads, soups, and stews. The plant has also been used traditionally to treat various ailments such as fever, cold, and flu.Growth Conditions for Helophytum Natans
Helophytum natans, a semi-aquatic plant, prefers to grow in wet and sandy soils, along the bank of rivers, ponds or marshes, and in areas with moderate to high humidity.
Light Requirements
Helophytum natans requires moderate to full sunlight for optimal growth. A minimum of 4 to 6 hours of direct sunlight a day is essential. However, it is important to protect the plant from direct, intense sunlight, especially during the hottest part of the day as it can damage the leaves and stunt growth.
Temperature Requirements
Helophytum natans grows best in warm to moderate temperatures ranging from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius. The plant can thrive in slightly cooler temperatures too, but it cannot tolerate frost. In regions with harsh winters, it is recommended to grow the plant indoors or in a greenhouse, exposed to artificial light and regulated temperature.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers to grow in moist, sandy or clayey, and well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. However, it can tolerate acidic soils too, and will grow in soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.8. Adequate drainage is crucial to keep the soil moist but not soggy, which can cause root rot.
It's important to note that the soil should be kept moist at all times, so providing the plant with water on a regular basis is essential. However, overwatering should be avoided, as it can cause waterlogging and adversely affect growth.
Cultivation Methods of Helophytum Natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh.
Helophytum natans is a suitable plant to grow in gardens, especially in water gardens. In its native regions, it grows along the river banks, and its growth conditions can be replicated by placing it in standing water. Planting it in a container is the best way to cultivate it as it can thrive in both still and moving water.
One can plant it in a container filled with soil and then submerge it in water, or plant it directly in a container filled with water. The best planting season is spring, and the plant can grow up to 60 cm in height.
Watering Needs of Helophytum Natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh.
As a water plant, Helophytum natans needs sufficient water to thrive, but it is tolerant of dry seasons. It is, however, essential to prevent its roots from drying out or having too much water. The water in the container should reach the top of the soil, and water should be added if it reduces significantly with time
Fertilization of Helophytum Natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh.
Fertilization of Helophytum natans is important for the plant's thriving, and it should be fertilized every two months during the growing season. Fishpond water or an all-purpose liquid fertilizer can be used to fertilize it. Using excess fertilizer can cause the fish to die, so it is essential to add a minimal amount and continuously monitor its effects.
Pruning Helophytum Natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh.
Pruning Helophytum natans is not necessary, and the plant can grow without the need for pruning. Dead leaves can be removed to sustain the plant's appearance, but care should be taken not to damage the plant while pruning.
Propagation of Helophytum natans
Helophytum natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. can be propagated either sexually or asexually. The following are the methods of propagation:
Propagation through seeds
Propagation through seeds is a reliable method. Collect the seeds from the ripe fruit and store them in a dry place until sowing. Sow the seeds in well-drained soil and cover them with a thin layer of soil. Keep the soil moist and warm, and the seeds should germinate in about four weeks.
Propagation through cuttings
Propagation through cuttings is also suitable for Helophytum natans. Take cuttings from young shoots in spring or early summer. Make the cuttings about 5-6 cm long and remove the lower leaves. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone and plant them in well-drained soil. Water the cuttings regularly, and they should root in about six weeks.
Propagation through division
Propagation through division is also an option. Divide the plant in spring or early summer when it is actively growing. Carefully dig up the plant and separate the roots into smaller sections, each with a few stems and roots. Replant each section in well-drained soil and water well. The divided sections should establish themselves in a few weeks.
Disease and Pest Management for Helophytum Natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh.
Helophytum Natans, commonly known as floating heuffel, is a species of aquatic plant found in various parts of Africa. Like any other plant, it's susceptible to different diseases and pest infestations that can affect its growth, development, and overall health. Here are some common diseases and pests that affect Helophytum Natans and ways to manage them.
1. Anthracnose
Anthracnose is a fungal disease that causes dark, circular spots on the leaves. It can also cause premature leaf drop, which ultimately affects plant growth and health. To control Anthracnose in Helophytum Natans, make sure you remove any infected plant material and use a fungicide on the remaining plant. Always follow the instructions on the fungicide label and use proper protective gear while applying it to the plant.
2. Leaf Spot
Leaf spot is a fungal disease that creates yellow-brown spots on leaves. These brown spots turn into holes and can cause leaves to fall off. To manage leaf spot in Helophytum Natans, practice good sanitation practices, such as removing any infected leaves and using a fungicide. You can also water the plant at its base to avoid wetting the leaves, which helps prevent the spread of fungal spores.
3. Aphids
Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from the plant's leaves and stems. They can cause stunted growth, yellowing, and distortion of leaves, affecting the plant's overall health. To control aphids, you can use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or any other registered insecticides recommended for aquatic plants. Regularly check for aphid infestations on the plant and act quickly if you see any signs.
4. Whiteflies
Whiteflies are tiny, white insects that suck sap from the plant and transmit viruses. They can cause yellowing, wilting, and premature dropping of leaves. To control whiteflies in Helophytum Natans, use yellow sticky traps to capture the adult insects, and apply insecticides that target the immature whiteflies. Be sure to use a registered insecticide and follow all application instructions since overuse of these chemicals can cause harm to the plant and the environment.
5. Snails and Slugs
Snails and slugs are common pests that feed on the leaves of aquatic plants. They can cause significant damage to the plant's foliage, leading to stunted growth or even death. To manage snails and slugs, you can use traps or baits that contain iron phosphate, which is a safe and eco-friendly option to control these pests. You can also handpick them off the leaves or use barriers like copper tape around the plant to prevent them from reaching the leaves.
In conclusion, by monitoring and taking care of your Helophytum Natans plant regularly, you can help avoid diseases and pest infestations. However, if your plant is already infested, these pest management tactics can help you restore its health and prevent further damage.
